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… Gandhi and the burning of passes …

… over time men and women resisted the imposition of passes as it severely restricted their freedom. In the Orange … Law 8 passed in 1893 included the carrying of residential passes by male and female. In the location of Waaihoek black … requests, the one requiring women to carry residential passes remained. On 2 October 1898, women were so frustrated …

… Slaves at the Cape were forced to carry passes. This made it easier for their owners and the local … However, slaves at the Cape had been forced to carry Passes since 1709. Farmers at the Cape ran short of labour … their White employers and freeing them of having to carry passes. Passes for Europeans The 1820 settlers were …

… on the ANC list of 400 nominees. 1995 1 June, MD Naidoo passes away. 1996 January, George Ponnen passes away in Durban. 1997 April, Karrim Essack of the Non …

… Association. Siqwana campaigned vigorously against passes in Langa and led numerous deputations to the Cape Town … tide of anti pass protests gathered pace, in August 1946 passes were burnt in a bonfire in Langa. Civic politics in … for basic foodstuffs while they were fighting against passes.  Despite the efforts by Africans to organise …

… sought to enter the restricted areas destitute of their passes, they suffered imprisonment and worse. However, in the … requests, the one requiring women to carry residential passes remained. On 2 October 1898, women were so frustrated by the carrying of passes that a number of them in the location drew up a …

… Maxeke . One of the issues at stake was the carrying of passes by black women. The pass came to be seen as a symbol … of this. Black men had already been required to carry passes for some time. White men and women did not have to carry passes. In March 1912, a petition signed by some 5 000 Black …

… Free State, who had been cheated by the chiefs into taking passes. But once they discovered the deception, they burnt their passes by the sackload in front of the local municipal … the regime retreated, shelved the attempt to impose passes on women. However, the women remained vigilant, and …

… of Indian Immigrants 1876 The Free State Republic passes legislation allowing Indians to enter the Republic … is passed compelling Free Indians forced to carry passes or court arrest. The South African Republic rejects a … by means of finger prints. Registration Certificates (passes) to be carried at all times and produced on request to …

… offered themselves up for arrest for not carrying their passes. By the 25 March, the Minister of Justice suspended passes throughout the country and Chief Albert Luthuli and … and four people were shot and killed in Durban. On the day passes were suspended (25 March 1960) Kgosana led another …

… people.African women resist the imposition of residential passes, organising a passive resistance campaign that left … African women resist the imposition of residential passes by the OFS municipality, organising passive resistance … Charlotte Maxeke resisting government attempts to impose passes on women. Passes are burnt in front of the municipal …

… by means of fingerprints. Registration Certificates (Passes) are to be carried at all times and must be produced … printed and required to carry registration certificates (passes) at all times, which have to be shown to the police on … J.C. Smuts, that the voluntary registration certificates (passes), which Indians had applied for under the Smuts-Gandhi …

… were arrested for using ‘white’ amenities, not carrying passes and other related transgressions. The African National … there were also protests against beer halls, wages and passes, and in 1958 protests were held to coincide with the …

… meeting, presided over by Sheth Abdul Gani, of Durban , passes a resolution requesting the government to reconsider … of Indians into the Transvaal and enforces the carrying of passes bearing fingerprints.  September 11, At a meeting of … lose their lives. 1907 March 22, The Transvaal Parliament passes the  Asiatic Registration Act.    Smuts wants the …

… Africa, commemorated each year as a national holiday. Passes for African Women The Government`s first attempts to force women to carry passes and permits had been a major fiasco. In 1913, … No further attempts were made to require permits or passes for African women until the 1950s. Although laws …

… resistance during the 20th century. But earlier forms of passes, had in fact been used in various instances since the … forced to carry "permission" documents. The issuing of passes was one of the cornerstones of the colonial and later racial capitalism in South Africa. Passes were used to control the movement of African, Coloured …

… and some prominent women. Women take a stand against passes A pass was a document that black people were forced by … pass was by law unemployable. People moving around without passes could be and were often arrested on the spot, and were … organized by Charlotte Maxeke, fought against carrying passes. At this time women in the rest of South Africa did …

… residence. In the same year the Natives Abolition of Passes and Coordination of Documents Act was passed. In terms … president of the ANCWL) led a demonstration in which passes were burnt. By 1953 there were still sporadic … Women  (FSAW), declared: We women will never carry these passes. This is something that touches my heart. I appeal to …

… Bantu Authorities Act (1951), and the Natives Abolition of Passes and Coordination of Documents Act (1952). 1952 The new …

… tribute by Bethuel Mangena .  Image Source ANOTHER HERO PASSES: Albertina Sisulu, mother of the struggle and a … to the struggle icon who left us this past week. She passes on the earthly well wishes of Nelson "Tata" Mandela, … cartoon.  Image Source PASSING THE BATON As the Old Guard passes on, it has become more and more clear that the new …

… office in Bloemfontein and deposit a bag containing their passes.  In Winburg, Charlotte Manye Maxeke is arrested along … Charlotte Maxeke, to resist government attempts to impose passes on women. It is the first time passes are burnt in protest. (Morris: 2004) 1914 After …

… headquarters. When the call came, all were to leave their passes at home and surrender for arrest at their local police … campaign were left somewhat ambiguous. On the one hand, passes and low wages were singled out as the chief grievances … carry on instead with its own program of action against passes. Unmoved by this rebuff, PAC leaders geared themselves …

… entry into the Transvaal, and enforce the carrying of passes bearing fingerprints. M.K. Gandhi condemns it as a … waging war on women and children by demanding they carry passes. The term “Satyagraha” is coined, meaning the pursuit … unlikely. 3000 Indians meet in Johannesburg and burn their passes. 1909 January, Kasturba Gandhi is taken to a Parsi …

… been relaxed after the success of earlier resistance to passes. In the light of these events, the Bantu Women's … became involved in passive resistance and fought against passes for black women. During this time the Bantu Women's … of their demands into the charter. In 1955, the issue of passes came forth again as the government announced that it …

… and demand that the police arrest them for not carrying passes.  The PAC saw this as the first step in Black peoples’ … Chief Albert Luthuli, called on people to burn their passes and declared a day of mourning.   He also called for a …

… an anti-pass demonstration resulting in the burning of passes in Port Elizabeth. Nelson Mandela succeeds Ashely … reserves. 24 July, Oliver Tambo completes his articles, passes his exams and qualifies as an attorney. 29 July, The … Act No 54 is passed. 11 July, The Natives (Abolition of Passes and Co-ordination of Documents) Act No 67 is passed. …

… by officialdom. Women demonstrated against having to carry passes in three major campaigns, all of which are mentioned … that his hands were tied. The women promptly tore up their passes, shouted remarks at the policemen and generally … became involved in passive resistance and fought against passes for black women, but it also undertook the more …

… an anti-pass demonstration resulting in the burning of passes in Port Elizabeth. Nelson Mandela succeeds Peter Mda … is passed. 24 July, Oliver Tambo completes his articles, passes his exams and qualifies as an attorney. 28 July - 29 … passports to visit various counties. The Abolition of Passes and Co-ordination of Documents Act of No 67 of 1952 …

… Building on August 9th 1956 to protest the carrying of passes by African Women. Lets us name the women and tell …

… 21 March 1960 the PAC had called on people to leave their passes at home, march to police stations and surrender … was a mass strike in the Peninsula for the abolition of passes and demand for a higher minimum wage for African … situation improved, people would be forced to carry passes in Cape Town. The Minister of Justice suspended passes …