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… Introduction Afrikaans, one of the official languages, together with … ’ language of the White Afrikaner oppressor. Indeed, Afrikaans has a violent and racist history of oppression … the eras of White Afrikaner nationalism and Apartheid. [1] Afrikaans is therefore generally associated with White …

… was predominately an English village and in 1848 only two Afrikaans families lived in the town. Management of the town … State and promoted the Dutch language as forerunner of Afrikaans. Education Shortly after the founding of … spoke a simplified form of Dutch which developed into the Afrikaans language. The first school for Afrikaner boys was …

… and labour spiralled, conflict was heightened as white Afrikaans farmers tightened their grip on rent and labour … Afrikaans community, 1883-1899 …

… of the Low Countries. This language, eventually known as Afrikaans, evolved because of geographical isolation and the … Huguenots (1688) added to the growing vocabulary. However, Afrikaans would not enjoy recognition as a language before … Afrikaans Community 1652-1795 …

… The Afrikaanse Handelsinsituut (AHI – in English the Afrikaans Commercial Institute) was formed during WWII to … which read: ‘Every Afrikaner must be a policyholder of an Afrikaans insurance company, and must save and invest his savings in an Afrikaans institution.’ The AHI was formed by the Broederbond …

… The aims of the organization were to stimulate interest in Afrikaans literature and the arts, to help Afrikaners enter …

… fully developed in the future. Early newspapers Dutch and Afrikaans newspapers emerged early in the 19th century, with … presence especially in the late 19th century, when the Afrikaans language movement and the first Afrikaner political … newspapers in the language that finally took form as Afrikaans. They disagreed about the language of the …

… 1875. The society was dedicated to the recognition of Afrikaans as a language in Parliament, schools, the civil … general. But more than this, according to Davenport, ‘the Afrikaans language was also the vehicle of a bigger idea, as … pair met to discuss the idea of translating the Bible into Afrikaans. Du Toit had been influenced by a linguist, …

… determined that just over 5 million South Africans speak Afrikaans as their home language. Afrikaans is also spoken in the Republic of Namibia, and by … the concertina and would later develop into a traditional Afrikaans music form, namely ‘Boeremusiek’. Afrikaners only …

… from Kees van der Waal’s chapter in “Critical Essays on Afrikaans Places of Memory” The term ‘Bantu has gone through … S. Huigen.  Reshaping Remembrance: Critical Essays on Afrikaans Places of Memory. (Rozenberg, Amsterdam, 2011). p. … S. Huigen.  Reshaping Remembrance: Critical Essays on Afrikaans Places of Memory. (Rozenberg, Amsterdam, 2011). p. …

… KKNK) is a national arts festival with a primary focus on Afrikaans language in performing arts held annually in … and the former head of Naspers, Andrew Marais, as an Afrikaans equivalent of the Grahamstown National Arts … March 199, to establish, and indeed, defend, the place of Afrikaans culture in post-apartheid South Africa. Barrow was …

… is also a strong Afrikaner presence in Pretoria, thus the Afrikaans language is dominant. [iv] Pretoria or Tshwane? In … [vii] This word might have then been translated into the Afrikaans equivalent of apies (apes), the name that the Afrikaans population gave to a local river in Pretoria, the …

… their education and extramural activities are conducted in Afrikaans. Afrikaner Jews have successfully learned to … the South African rural lifestyle [viii] . The adoption of Afrikaans by Eastern European Jews is often cited to be due … reductionist to rationalise certain Jews’ preference for Afrikaans solely on the position assumed by the Russian …

… nationalism. The GRA was dedicated to the recognition of Afrikaans as a language in Parliament, the civil service and … first published on 15 January 1876, using a version of Afrikaans accessible to ordinary Afrikaners. Du Toit wrote a … in 1815.’ Du Toit then translated the Bible into Afrikaans, published Eerste Beginsels van die Afrikaans Taal …

… politics in the freedom struggle. The imposition of Afrikaans as the medium of instruction came at a politically … and it boosted their self esteem. The introduction of Afrikaans frustrated this change. According to Biko, the … with intelligence.” For this generation of Black students, Afrikaans was the language of the police and their employers, …

… and Iscamtho (slang)." The word Kwaito is derived from the Afrikaans word kwaai, which translates to "angry" in English. … - a Tsotsi is a thug or a gangster, and taal is an Afrikaans term for language. Tsotsitaal is a language that … of the 1940s and 1950s. This language is made up of Afrikaans and a mixture of all other vernacular languages. It …

… and by 1932 the medium of instruction became exclusively Afrikaans and the University was exclusively for White Afrikaans speaking people. This continued until the … fundamentally from an exclusively White (Caucasian) Afrikaans population to a multi-racial (multi-ethnic) …

… response to the social and political crisis that the Afrikaans speaking section of the White population found …

… the Federation were all English spoken, while later, many Afrikaans groups became affiliated with them and were soon … playwriting and one-act plays – two of which were Afrikaans plays that were published under the sponsorship of …

… of the government's apartheid policy.... read on Down with Afrikaans Countdown to conflict: The main cause of the … was a directive from the Bantu Education Department that Afrikaans had to be used on an equal basis with English as …

… The Community histories in Polokwane/Pietersburg looks at Afrikaans community from 1883–1899 …

… in elections. 1925 Formation of Zion Christian Church Afrikaans becomes an official language together with English. …

… felt that for full cultural and political recognition for Afrikaans, Afrikaner students needed to re-think their … its ties from NUSAS and this completed the split between Afrikaans and English speaking universities. In 1945 …

… lack of money (subsidies favoured white, and specifically Afrikaans film makers) and an often-hostile environment. In …

… protests were led by black students who argued that Afrikaans as an undergraduate language caused cultural … [3] These protests gave rise to various debates about Afrikaans as a language of instruction at public universities … is important to understand the historical development of Afrikaans as a creole and how the language was previously …

… SSRC had mobilised students to protest the introduction of Afrikaans as a medium of instruction in black schools. …

… The students had organised a peaceful march against the Afrikaans Medium Decree, issued in 1974, which made it mandatory for Black schools to use the Afrikaans language as the medium of instruction in … to. An African might find that ‘the big boss’ spoke only Afrikaans or spoke only English. It would be to his advantage …

… reduced a point of contention between the English and the Afrikaans. On the other hand, most South Africans had had no … had previously been divided into a pro-Republican, mainly Afrikaans group and an anti-republican largely English group. … invited the conservative English to join the NP. Most Afrikaans speakers agreed that white unity was important now …

… The majority of the White population (about 60%) is Afrikaans speaking, and the remaining 40% are English … languages in South Africa. These are English (9.6%), Afrikaans (13.5%), Ndebele (2.1%), Sepedi/Northern Sotho … people play kwaito (African house music), jazz, hip hop, Afrikaans rock, African gospel, classic rock, pop, …

… within the student community. When the language of Afrikaans alongside English was made compulsory as a medium … of the government's apartheid policy.... read on Down with Afrikaans Countdown to conflict: The main cause of the … was a directive from the Bantu Education Department that Afrikaans had to be used on an equal basis with English as …