Lucas Sithole 
1931 - 1995
| Names: | Sithole, Lucas Ted (Teddy). In later years also known as Lucas Thandokwazi Sithole |
| Date of Birth: | 15 November 1931 |
| Date of Death: | 8 May 1995 |
| Place of Birth: | KwaThema, Springs, Transvaal (now Gauteng), South Africa |
| Place of Death: | Pongola, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa |
| Gender: | Male |
| In Summary: | Lucas Sithole was a South African sculptor, well-known both nationally and internationally. He was hailed by some critics as Africa’s major Black sculptor. |
Early Life And Education :
Lucas Sithole was born and grew up in KwaThema, Springs, Transvaal (now Gauteng). He was one of ten sons of a Zulu lay priest in the Zion Christian Church, Richard Ndlala Sithole, and a Swazi mother whose name could not be ascertained. His given Zulu name was Ncane meaning “small”. He disliked that name and called himself Ted or Teddy, a name reflected in the signature of one of his very early works. Later he was also known as Lucas Thandokwazi Sithole. From the age of six he lived with his Swazi grandmother, Tsayi Numvumi, who was of royal blood and was a famous potter. He played with clay and liked to make animals, people and other figures. His grandmother influenced him to a large extent. She encouraged him and fired his imagination with legends about spirits and creatures of the night. These legends and stories had a profound influence on his art.
Sithole attended the St Louis Catholic school, where he completed Standard 6 (now Grade 8). He received a Springs Rotary Club bursary for occupational training at Vlakfontein Technical College. As there was no teacher available at the time he could not study sculpture, for which he had enrolled. The time was not wasted, however, as he studied carpentry, chiselling, welding and other crafts and trades. He learned about the qualities of wood and the tools to use for sculpting. After three years he started to work at a soap factory and even mixed concrete for a builder; however he spent his spare time carving and experimenting with paint.
He attended the Polly Street Art Centre from 1959 to 1960, where he studied painting and sculpture with Cecil Skotnes. This was the turning point in his career.
Career:
At first Sithole experimented with two and three dimensions, using paint, stone, wood, liquid steel, bronze and combinations of materials.
His most well known works were done in mainly indigenous woods, as according to him; stone was just a material, clay was too fragile and metal lacked warmth, while in the broken trunks of trees he saw analogies with life and humanity. He painstakingly searched for his own wood, but never cut down or damaged a tree. He combed the woods of Zululand on the Swazi border for old and twisted trunks seasoned by nature – sometimes even damaged by fires or tornadoes.
From 1958 to 1974, his prevalent subject matter was animals and human beings. Some were frightening, others thin and attenuated. As he developed his work became increasingly distorted and more complex. This was largely due to his beliefs, emotions and the mythology that guided him and his concepts of universal humanity. Sculpture surfaces were sometimes highly polished and at other times pitted and coarse to heighten the emotional and dynamic potential and to intensify the mystical and dreamlike quality of his work.
Sithole produced a number of works in sandstone from 1973 to 1977, once again, allowing the material to dictate the form. He was becoming more and more interested in abstract and open sculpture.
To be closer to nature and escape his numerous visitors, he moved to Pongoland, Zululand, in 1980. His family remained in Springs. His new home was situated near Pongola, a small town on the borders of the Transvaal districts of Paulpietersburg and Piet Retief and the Natal districts of Ngotshe, Ubombo and Ingwavuma. The move away from the city marked the beginning of a very varied and prolific period in Sithole’s work, the barriers between realism, mythology and dreams started fading away. Sithole said of the ‘traditional African vs. contemporary’ nature of his work; “My art is African. I am an African whose imagination is definitely influenced by the beliefs of my people which I absorbed as a child. But when it comes to the emotions experienced by humanity, we are not all that different from each other.” He saw his themes as largely universal. Prof. E.J. de Jager, in SA Panorama, Aug. 1975, commented that his art was based on “strong social realism and understanding of the dilemma of modern man ..."
| Related SAHO Links | |
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The neglected tradition: Towards a New History of South African Art (1930 - 1988), section on the Polly Street era |
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| Outside Links | |
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Sithole's website. This page boasts a great picture archive of his works. |
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Wikipedia on Lucas Sithole. |
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Lucas SITHOLE in 1978 discussing his sculpture "Working together", 1978 - ref. LS7807 - which represents people exchanging knowledge (represented by the upper container) thus forming one working unit (two heads - one with cap, one without - two pairs of hands but only one pair of legs). Picture: www.sithole.com |
| Sources for this biography | |
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Haenggi, F.F. (1979). Lucas Sithole: a pictorial review of Africa’s major Black sculptor, Johannesburg: Gallery 21 |
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Martin, M. (1993). “Lucas Sithole”. Our art 4 = Ons kuns 4, Pretoria: Foundation for Education, Science and technology, pp. 178-185. |
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Rankin, E. (1989). Images of Wood: aspects of the history of sculpture in 20th-century South Africa, Johannesburg: Johannesburg Art Gallery, p. 165. |
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Wikipedia Online Encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/ wiki/Lucas_Sithole |
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Last updated December 2007
Sithole often gave an explanation as to why he made his sculptures, by recounting the story, mainly from African mythology, which inspired him to make the specific carving. He was very critical of his own work; If he did not succeed in restoring life to the dead trees, in his own view, he destroyed it. He created more than 800 sculptures, of which about 200 are in collections in the Americas and in Europe. Though he exhibited internationally, he did not travel abroad. The only exceptions being visits to Lesotho and Swaziland.
Sithole died on 8 May 1995, he had seven children with his wife Johanna. Sithole created sculpture ‘that is forceful, independent and individual’. As Marilyn Martin observed in Our Art; “His method of sensed realism combined with expressive distortions, his concentration on surface manipulation and the play of light and shadow over the figures emerge and merge with an iconography of the human being, the human condition, and animals.”
CV:
Exhibitions:
I960: Queens Art Gallery Johannesburg (Polly Street Group).
Adier Fielding Galleries, Johannesburg (Artists of Fame and Promise).
1961: Adier 'Fielding Galleries, Johannesburg (Artists of fame and Promise; The Year's Findings).
1962: Adier Fielding Galleries Johannesburg (SAArt).
1963: Adier Fielding Galleries Johannesburg.
The Year's Findings; Artists of Fame and Promise).
Gallery 101 (The Gallery 101-UTA 1963. Competition; Arbeid-Work).
1964: Johannesburg (Transvaal Academy).
Adier Fielding Galleries, Johannesburg (Artists of Fame and Promise).
1965: Adier Fielding Galleries, Johannesburg (Township Life; African Art; SA Painters Past and Present; The Year's Findings; Artists of Fame and Promise).
Piccadilly Gallery, London, UK (group).
1966: Pretoria (Republic Festival Exhibition).
Adier Fielding Galleries, Johannesburg (solo; Artists of Fame and Promise).
1967: Gallery 101 (solo).
Adier Fielding Galleries, Johannesburg (Sculptures SA 1900-1967). SAAA, Pretoria (group).
DAM (Art SA Today).
1968: Gallery 101 (solo).
Venice, Italy (Biennale).
Sao Paulo, Brazil (Biennale).
1969: DAM (Art SA Today),
1970: Gallery 101 (solo; The Nude in 101).
Goodman Gallery (The 51 Club Winter Exhibition).
1971: Johannesburg (Art Dealers' Fair NICRO).
Johannesburg (Group 51 Winter Art Exhibition).
Gallery 101(10 Transvaal Sculptors).
1972: Gallery 21 (38 artists).
Gallery 101 (solo; 25 African Artists).
1973: Gallery International, Cape Town (solo; Summer Exhibition).
Johannesburg (Art Dealers' Fair NICRO).
Gallery 21 (Collectors' Choice; Selection. '73;Winter '73).
Johannesburg (Group 51 Winter Art Exhibition).
1974: Basel, Switzerland (Art 5'74—group).
Gallery 21, London, UK (group).
Gallery 21 (solo).
Gallery International, Cape Town (solo; Summer Exhibition).
Gallery 101 (4th Transvaal Sculpture Exhibition).
NSA, Durban (solo).
1975: Gallery International, Cape Town (solo).
Die Kunskamer, Cape Town (group).
Gallery 21, London, UK (African Art from SA).
Gallery 21 (July Winners).
SAAA, Pretoria (The Animal in Art).
UFH (Contemporary African Art).
Gallery International, Cape Town (Festival — African Art).
1976: Gallery 21 (solo).
Association of Arts, Windhoek (two-person exhibition with Lucky Sibiya).
National Museum and Art Gallery, Gaborone, Botswana (two-person exhibition with Lucky Sibiya).
RAU Johannesburg (Metalart).
Uniefees School Hall, Pretoria (group).
St Peter's Seminary, Hammanskraal (group).
Gallery 21 (Summer Madness).
Gallery International, Cape Town (Claremont Exhibition).
1977: Gallery International, Cape Town (Collector's Choice).
SANG (20th Century Sculpture).
Hoffer Art Gallery, Pretoria (group).
Gallery 21 (solo; Selection '77).
National gallery of Rhodesia, Salisbury (SA Art)
Johannesburg (World Wilderness Congress).
Iscor, Sebokeng, Transvaal (group).
1978: Gallery International, Cape Town (solo).
Gallery 21 (solo; Collector's choice; Treasures of Year 1978).
National Art Gallery, Bulawayo, Rhodesia (SAArt).
SAAA, Pretoria (group).
Collector's Gallery, Johannesburg (group).
StAlban's College, Pretoria (group).
1979: RAU; PAM (Sculpture 1958-1979 Retrospective).
SAAA, Pretoria (East Rand Black Artists).
Johannesburg, Pretoria, Bloemfontein, Kimberley (C temporary African Art in SA—UFH collection).
Gallery International, Cape Town (Contemporary Group).
Gallery 21 (solo; Winter '79; Treasures, of the Year)
UFH (Contemporary African Art).
National Museum, Bloemfontein (group).
1981: Ernst deJong Studio Gallery, Pretoria (solo).
Gallery 21 (solo).
WITS (WITS Collection).
Look-Out Art Gallery, Plettenberg Bay (group).
Durban (Republic Festival Art Exhibition).
Jabulani Standard Bank, Soweto (Black Art Today).
1982: Gallery 21 (group).
Vaal Administration Board, Sebokeng, Transvaal (group).
1983: Gallery 21 (solo; The Nude in 21).
Milner Park, Johannesburg (SA Contemporary Art).
Gallery 21 (Recent Acquisitions; Summer Selection '8 Le Poisson: Variations on a Fish; The Nude in 21).
1984: Gallery 21 (Collector's Choice; September Selection).
RAU (A selection).
SA- tour (The Image of Man).
Dennis Hotz Gallery, Sandton (Private Art for Public Viewing an Exhibition for Johannesburg Child Welfare).
SAAA, Pretoria (group).
1985: Africana Museum in Progress, Johannesburg (Triburies).
Gallery 21 (solo; Summer exhibition).
Everard Read Gallery, Johannesburg (Wildlife Artists the World).
1986: Gallery 21 (Contemporary African Art Selected work from the Pelmama Permanent Art Collection).
Alliance Francaise, Pretoria (Historical Perspective Black Art in SA).
1986-7: JAG (Johannesburg art and artists: Selections from century).
1987: Gallery 21 (solo; Contemporary SA Masters Present ai Future, Autum. '87; Winter '87).
Die Kunskamer, Cape Town (25 Leading SA artists; 1(Anniversary Exhibition).
JAG (Vita Art Now).
RAU (A selection).
Gallery21.
1988: JAG(Vita Art Now).
Gallery 21 (group).
UOFS (group).
Awards:
I960: Artists of Fame and Promise (second prize).
1968: Venice Biennale.
Public Commissions:
1971: Bracken Mines, Evander (Wounded Buffalo in front of Recreation Centre). 1978: Ciba-Geigy, Spartan.
Collections:
Ciba-Geigy Pty Ltd, Spartan; Department of Education and Training, Pretoria; DAM; Museum fur Volkerkunde, Frankfurt; National Museum and Art Gallery, Gaborone, Botswana; Oliewenhuis Museum, Bloemfontein; PAM; Pelmama; Performing Arts Council of the Transvaal, State Theatre, Pretoria; RAU; Rembrandt van Rijn Art Foundation, Stellenbosch; Sage Holdings Ltd, Johannesburg; Sasol Ltd, Johannesburg; Standard Bank, Johannesburg; SANG; UFH; UNISA; UOFS;WITS.