| 1920 |
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The Native Affairs Act
The ANC supports the militant strike by African mineworkers in 1920. |
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| 1920 |
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The Black (Native) Affairs Act is Passed. The Native Affairs Act was yet another spin-off of the South African Native Affairs Commissions report of 1905. It paves the way for the creation of a countrywide system of tribally based, but government appointed, district councils modelled on the lines of the Glen Grey Act of 1894. The 1936 Representation of Natives Act extends the principal of separate, communally based political representation for Africans.
Allison Wessels George (A.W.G.) Champion founds the Transvaal Native Mine Clerks Association.
The Bulhoek Massacre takes place outside Queenstown.
Dorothy Shanley is born.
Eduardo Mondlane is born in Manjacaze, Mozambique.
Elmon Malele is born.
Fred Carneson is born.
Gabriel Dichaba is born.
Harry (Mphephethwa) Themba Gwala is born.
Hymie Barsel is born in Barsel.
Jonas Dinous Matlou is born.
Lionel (Rusty) Bernstein is born.
Lorna Peirson is born in Beckenham, London.
Marimuthu (M.P.) Pragalathan Naicker is born in Natal.
Nimrod Sejake is born.
Raymond Mhlaba is born in Mazoka village at Fort Beaufort in the Eastern Cape.
Robert M. Resha is born in Bolotwe, Queenstown.
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| 1920 |
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Job reservation is created by the job colour bar becoming official. The 'Civilized Labour Policy' and the Apprenticeship Act entrenches disadvantage for Africans. Black workers are placed in an inferior position to white workers, and are also to denied certain freedoms. |
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| 1920 |
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Albert Luthuli attends the Higher Teachers' Training Course at Adams College on a scholarship and joins the staff upon the successful completion of the course.
40 000 African miners strike on the Reef and in Port Elizabeth 21 people are killed by the police. |
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| 1920 |
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Dalidyebo, father of the Tembu Chief Jongintaba Dalindyebo, dies at Silimela. It was this latter chief to whom Henry Mandela entrusted his young son, Nelson Mandela. |
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| 1920 |
February |
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African mineworkers strike on the Witwatersrand. |
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| 1920 |
February |
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The Asiatic Inquiry Commission, headed by Sir Johannes Lange, is appointed to inquire into laws concerning the right of Asiatics to trade and acquire fixed property in the Union. |
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| 1920 |
March |
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Smuts forms government with narrow parliamentary majority.
Native Affairs Act.
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| 1920 |
12 May |
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The Asiatic Inquiry Commission, appointed in February 1920 to inquire into laws concerning the right of Asiatics to trade and acquire fixed property in the Union, submits an interim report.
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| 1920 |
July |
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Industrial and Commercial WorkersUnion of South Africa (ICU) is established as national Black trade union in Bloemfontein. |
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| 1920 |
11 July |
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Hudson William Edison Ntsanwisi is born at the Shiluvane Mission Station in the Letaba District of Limpopo. |
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| 1920 |
23 October |
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African demonstrators shot in Port Elizabeth.
Transvaal Mine Clerks' Association formed under the leadership of A.W.G. Champion.
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| 1920 |
December |
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P.K. Naidoo and others form the Congress Resuscitation Committee (CRC) to resuscitate the Natal Indian Congress (NIC) that had become defunct after a split with Mahatma Gandhi in 1913. |
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| 1921 |
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Mary Fitzgerald is the first female City Councillor in Johannesburg.
Josiah Mqebu succeeds Martin Luthuli as Chief of Groutville |
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| 1921 |
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Ghananian educator, J. E. G. Gold Aggrey visits South Africa on an endowment mission to study African education. This prompts concerned Whites and members of African middle class to form the Joint Councils of Europeans and Blacks in major South African cities.
Rev. Z. R. Mahabane addresses the Cape branch of the South African Native National Congress (SANNC).
Selby Msimang, founding member of the African National Congress (ANC) and Clements Kadalie, the Malawian founder of the Industrial and Commercial Union (ICU) agree on the formation of Black trade union called the Industrial and Commercial Workers Union of South Africa.
Selby Msimang delivers a speech before the second conference of the Industrial Commercial Workers Union of South Africa in Cape Town.
Florence Mophosho is born in Alexander Township, Johannesburg.
Jo Thorpe is born in Fishoek in Cape Town.
Leslie Massina is born in Pimville, Johannesburg.
Mahomed (Chota) M. Motala is born.
Mpho Keyecwe Motsamai is born.
Thembile Benson Ndimba is born.
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| 1921 |
February |
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National elections. Smuts government remains in power with increased parliamentary majority.
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| 1921 |
19 February |
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Andries Treurnicht is born on Middelpos farm in Piketberg, Cape Town. |
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| 1921 |
3 March |
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The Asiatic Inquiry Commission, appointed in February 1920 to inquire into laws concerning the right of Asiatics to trade and acquire fixed property in the Union, concludes its activities and submits its final report. The Commission rejects the grievances of the South African League and proposes a system of voluntary repatriation and segregation of Indians. It also recommends that existing legislation on Indians in the Transvaal be retained, but that new measures be introduced in Natal to prohibit Indians from buying agricultural land in a specified area along the coast.
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| 1921 |
5 March |
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Anti-Indian Legislation: The Durban Land Alienation Ordinance , no 14 of 1922 (Natal) This ordinance enables the Durban City Council to exclude Indians from ownership or occupation of property in white areas.
Anti-Indian Legislation: The Township Franchise Ordinance.
The Township Franchise Ordinance is approved by the Provincial Council of Natal to deprive Indians of municipal franchise rights, vetoed by the Union Government.
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| 1921 |
5 March |
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The Durban Land Alienation Ordinance, No. 14 of 1921 (Natal), enables the Durban City Council to exclude Indians from the ownership or occupation of property in white areas. The ordinance evokes strenuous opposition.
The Provincial Council of Natal approves the Township Franchise Ordinance, which will deprive Indians of their municipal franchise rights. The Union Government, however, vetoes the ordinance.
The Provincial Council of Natal approves the Rural DealersLicensing Ordinance, which limits Indian traders right of appeal against the refusal of trading licences by municipal licensing officers.
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| 1921 |
6 March |
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1921 The Natal Indian Congress is resuscitated and reorganised at a meeting in Durban. Ismail Gora is elected President.
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| 1921 |
May |
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Frustrated White authorities finally resort to the use of force after the Isrealites Millenarian Separatist Sect repeatedly refused to move from outside of Bulhoek in the Cape Province, where they had squatted for over a year. When a reinforced Police Unit is sent with Colonel Theodore Truter, a Police Commissioner, 163 Africans are killed and 129 wounded. The incident became known as the Bulhoek Massacre. Prophet Enoch Migijima, the leader of the Sect, and his two brothers were given a Six-year sentence for leading people in protest against forced removals by White authorities.
The Communist Party of South African (CPSA) is formed in Cape Town. |
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| 1921 |
24 May |
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Bulhoek Massacre of Israelites takes place near Queenstown when Colonel Theodore Truter, a police commissioner, leads 6 squadrons, a machine gun and an artillery detachment against the Israelite religious sect collected at their annual gathering on the land of their leader and prophet, Enoch Mgijima at Ntabalanga. The slaughter takes 10 minutes and costs 190 lives.
Mgizima and his two brothers are sentenced to 6 years - their crime: the refusal to demolish huts built on crown land and defiance of white authority. |
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| 1921 |
June |
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Non-European Convention held in Kimberly to protest against the pass laws and the Hertzog Bills, where he proposed the removal of the limited cape Franchise. Dr. Abdurahman of the African People's Organisation (APO) was elected as the chairperson. |
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| 1921 |
20 June |
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The Imperial Conference begins in London. At the Conference, V.S. Srinivasa Sastri, the Indian representative, puts forward a strong case for the granting of full citizenship rights to Indians in South Africa and other British colonies. The South African Prime Minister, General J.C. Smuts, opposes Sastris resolution that calls for equality and maintains that he cannot grant the franchise to Indians while withholding it from Blacks.
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| 1921 |
July |
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The International Socialist League together with other socialist organisations formed the Communist Party. |
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| 1921 |
July |
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Communist Party of South Africa formed in Cape Town.
John Dube attends the Second Pan-African Congress in London.
J.E.G. Aggrey of Gold Coast visits South Africa.
First European-African Joint Council formed in Johannesburg.
Start of publication of Umteteli wa Bantu, African newspaper linked to the Chamber or Mines.
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| 1921 |
1 July |
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Seretse Khama is born at Serowe, Bechuanaland (now Botswana). |
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| 1921 |
21 November |
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The trial of the accused of the Bulhoek Massacre commences |
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| 1921 |
16 December |
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The Communist Party (CP) called for a united front in a pass burning campaign on Dingaan's Day. |
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| 1922 |
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White miners embark on what has become known as The Rand Rebellion. |
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| 1922 |
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The first significant action by women in the rural areas occurs in Hershel. Boycott of stores as a result of price hikes, using passive resistance tactics that had been used earlier in the Free State. |
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| 1922 |
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New laws passed which fixes the funding of African education at 1922 levels, with additional funding to come from the Africans themselves. The result is continual under funding. |
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| 1922 |
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A South African Indian deputation, supported by Sir Jamshetji Jeejibhoy and other Indian leaders, meets the Viceroy.
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| 1922 |
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Following a crisis between a section of White workers and the chamber of mines on labour issues, miners in the Witwatersrand embark on a strike and it becomes known as the Rand Rebellion. The key issue for the White workers is the replacement of 2000 semi-skilled White labourers by cheap Black labour. Initially Whites were protected by the Colour Bar Act, which advocated job reservation for them. The fall of the Rand after WWI had a heavy financial impact on mine owners leading them to a reduction in costs, especially on labour. Both English-speaking leftwing socialists and Afrikaner Militants use armed action to support their demands. Jan Smuts, Prime Minister of South Africa, instructs the police to use martial law to bring the strike to an end. The miners get the sympathy of the South African Labour Party and National Party (NP), who use them to canvass votes in order to oust Smuts South African Party from power in the 1924 election.
Industrial and Commercial Workerss Union in its meeting in Cape Town condemns the attack on Blacks during the Rand Rebellion and calls upon government to act against the offenders.
Rev. Selope Thema founding member of the South African Native National Congress (SANNC) encourages biracial meetings as they make the organisation more informative.
Transvaal Native Mine Clerks Association hands a memorandum to the Mining Industry Board.
Industrial and Commercial Union (ICU) is renamed the Industrial and Commercial Workers Union of Africa.
Jerry Dibanhlele Khumalo is born.
Greenwood Dumisa Ngotyana is born in the Transkei.
George Edward Peake is born in the Cape.
Mary Goitsemang Ranta is born. |
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| 1922 |
March |
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Bondelswarts rebellion in South West Africa.
White miners' general strike becomes armed clash between strikers and government.
Clements Kadalie assumes dominant position in national ICU.
First Native Conference held under provisions of Native Affairs Act of 1920.
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| 1922 |
March |
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Anti-Indian Legislation: The Natal Provincial Council passes three ordinances.
i) The Rural Dealers' Licensing Ordinance – limited the right of appeal.
ii) The Townships Franchise Ordinance – Indians lose municipal franchise.
iii) The Durban Land Alienation Ordinance – gives the Durban Town Council the right to restrict ownership and occupation of land of any race group.
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| 1922 |
22 March |
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The Rand Rebellion is brought to a brutal end by the police. |
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| 1922 |
4 April |
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Narainsamy Thumbi Naicker is born. |
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| 1922 |
14 October |
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Rahima Moosa is born in the Strand, Cape Town. |
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| 1923 |
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The European-Bantu conference encouraged the ANC to withdraw from direct political action.
The Natives (Urban) Areas Act
Fietas, Johannesburg: The Native Urban Areas Act is passed.
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| 1923 |
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Native (Black) Urban Areas Act No 21:
Made each local authority responsible for the blacks in its area. ‘Native advisory boards' regulated influx control and removed ‘surplus' people, i.e. those who were not employed in the area. The country was divided into prescribed (urban) and non- prescribed areas, movement between the two being strictly controlled (Horrell 1978: 2-3). This Act was consolidated by the 1945 Blacks (Urban Areas) Consolidation Act.
Assent gained: 14 June 1923; commencement date not found.
Repealed by the Blacks (Urban Areas) Consolidation Act No 25 of 1945
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| 1923 |
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Anti-Indian Legislation: The Class Areas Bill.
Minister of Interior, Sir Patrick Duncan, introduces Class Areas Bill, which proposes compulsory residential and trading segregation for Indians throughout South Africa.
Anti-Indian Legislation: Boroughs Ordinance no 189 of 1924
This Bill effectively disenfranchises Indians in Natal. They lose vote in boroughs.
Anti-Indian Legislation: Industrial Conciliation Act.
This Act provides for Job reservation.
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| 1923 |
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South African Labour Party and National Party sign a Pact agreement. They agree to form a Pact government should they win the 1924 elections under General Barry Hertzog.
The Natives (Urban Areas) Act legislated on a broad front to regulate the presence of Africans in the urban areas. It was only intermittently applied until the end of the 1940s.The African National Congress (ANC) through its newspaper Abantubantu makes it known that it opposes the Act as it promotes and strengthens segregation
The South African Native National Party (SANNC) changes its name to the African National Congress (ANC).
James Thaele, a self-styled professor of Cape Town, in the first conference of Black Affairs, under the sponsorship of the Dutch Reformed Church, calls for Independent African Action.
Thembekile Enoch KaTshunungwa, a member of the Tembu Royal House is born in the Transkei.
Wilton Z. Mkwayi is born in Middledrift in the Cape.
Hassen (Ike) M. Moosa is born.
P. Ntsangani is born in Eastern Cape.
Reginald September is born in Cape Town.
Mbuyiselo Stanley Vanqa is born.
Diamond Bozas is born in Isipingo.
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| 1923 |
April |
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Nationalist Party and South African Labour Party conclude electoral pact to challenge Smuts government.
Start of publication of Workers' Herald, newspaper of the ICU.
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| 1923 |
31 May |
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The Mayor of Durban, Walter Gilbert J.P., officially opens the third national conference of Indian organisations in the Durban Town Hall. The Conference formally decides to establish the South African Indian Congress (SAIC) and Omar Hajee Amod Jhaveri is elected its first President.
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| 1923 |
1 June - 3 June |
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The third national conference of Indian organisations continues at Parsee Rustomjee Hall in Queen Street, Durban. The Conference draws up and adopts the constitution and standing orders of the newly established South African Indian Congress. |
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| 1923 |
September |
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First European-African Conference sponsored by the Dutch Reformed Church.
Natives (Urban Areas) Act.
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| 1923 |
29 October |
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James John Hadebe is born in Frankfort, Free State. |
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| 1924 |
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Rev. Z.R. Mahabane is elected President-General of the ANC |
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| 1924 |
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Industrial Conciliation Act. |
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| 1924 - 1939 |
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Premiership of General Hertzog. |
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| 1924 |
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Anti-Indian Legislation: The Township Franchise Ordinance, Natal.
This Ordinance deprived Indians of municipal franchise.
Anti-Indian Legislation: The Rural Dealers Ordinance, Natal.
This Ordinance attempts to cripple Indian trade.
Anti-Indian Legislation: The Durban Land Alienation Ordinance, Natal.
This Ordinance prevented Indian ownership of land in white areas.
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| 1924 |
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The Boroughs Ordinance, Ordinance No. 189 of 1924 effectively disenfranchises Indians in Natal. The South African Indian Congress threatens passive resistance.
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| 1924 |
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Colonel F.H.P Creswell of the South African Labour Party is appointed Minister of Labour in the Pact government.
The Industrial and Commercial Union (ICU) is rigged by internal struggle over its relationship with the Communist Party of South Africa (CPSA).
Dennis Brutus is born in Rhodesia.
D. Fuyani is born.
Nadime Gordimer is born in Springs.
Alfred (Tough) Hutchinson is born in Hectorspruit district, Eastern Transvaal.
Elias Motsoaledi is born in Sekhukhuniland.
Ahmed Ebrahim Patel is born.
Abraham Barnett Koatlhao Secchoareng is born.
Robert Mangaliso Sobukwe is born in Graaff-Reinet in the Cape Province.
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| 1924 |
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Introduction of Industrial Conciliation Act. |
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| 1924 |
January |
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The Minister of the Interior, Sir Patrick Duncan, introduces the Class Areas Bill, which proposes compulsory residential and trading segregation for Indians throughout South Africa. |
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| 1924 |
January |
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The Minister of the Interior, Sir Patrick Duncan, introduces the Class Areas Bill, which proposes compulsory residential and trading segregation for Indians throughout South Africa. |
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| 1924 |
27 January |
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The Natal Indian Congress and the Natal Indian Association jointly organises a mass meeting in Durban in opposition to the Class Areas Bill. The mass meeting is attended by 3000 Indians.
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| 1924 |
8 February |
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Imam Abdullah Haron is born Newlands-Claremont. |
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| 1924 |
15 February |
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A deputation for the South African Indian Congress (SAIC) meets with the Minister of the Interior, Sir Patrick Duncan, and presents him with a memorandum setting out their objections concerning the Class Areas Bill.
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| 1924 |
April |
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After an invitation from the Natal Indian Congress (NIC), Mrs. Sarojini Naidu, a celebrated poetess from India, returns to South Africa from a visit to Kenya. She addresses scores of meetings and puts forward the case of the South African Indian Congress (SAIC) concerning the Class Areas Bill in interviews with the Prime Minister, General J.C. Smuts, the Minister of the Interior, Sir Patrick Duncan, the leaders of the Opposition and other prominent members of Parliament. She is also present in Parliament during its discussions of the Bill. The Government later decides not to pursue the Bill pending the general elections to be held in June.
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| 1924 |
April |
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After an invitation from the Natal Indian Congress (NIC), Mrs. Sarojini Naidu, a celebrated poetess from India, returns to South Africa from a visit to Kenya. She addresses scores of meetings and puts forward the case of the South African Indian Congress (SAIC) concerning the Class Areas Bill in interviews with the Prime Minister, General Jan Smuts, the Minister of the Interior, Sir Patrick Duncan, the leaders of the Opposition and other prominent members of Parliament. She is also present in Parliament during its discussions of the Bill. The Government later decides not to pursue the Bill pending the general elections to be held in June. |
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| 1924 |
8 April |
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Industrial Conciliation Act No 11:
Provided for job reservation. Excluded blacks from membership of registered trade unions, prohibited registration of black trade unions.
Commenced: 8 April 1924
Repealed by s 86 of the Industrial Conciliation Act No 36 of 1937
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| 1924 |
8 April |
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The Industrial Conciliation Act, Act No. 11 of 1924, provides for job reservation.
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| 1924 |
21 April - 25 April |
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The South African Indian Congress (SAIC) convenes an emergency conference in Durban. In a resolution adopted by the Conference, the SAIC approves Mrs Sarojini Naidus suggestion that a Round-table Conference be held between delegates from the SAIC, the Union Government and the Indian Government. |
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| 1924 |
21 April - 25 April |
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The South African Indian Congress (SAIC) convenes an emergency conference in Durban. In a resolution adopted by the Conference, the SAIC approves Mrs Sarojini Naidus suggestion that a Round-table Conference be held between delegates from the SAIC, the Union Government and the Indian Government. |
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| 1924 |
28 April |
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Kenneth David Kaunda is born. |
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| 1924 |
May |
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Rev. Z. R. Mahabane elected president of the African National Congress. |
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| 1924 |
May |
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Rev. Z. R. Mahabane is elected the president of the African National Congress (ANC). |
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| 1924 |
June |
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National elections. Nationalist Party-South African Labour Party win parliamentary majority. General Hertzog becomes prime minister. |
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| 1924 |
17 June |
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The Pact coalition between the National Party and Labour Party wins the national election and General J.B.M. Hertzog becomes Prime Minister.
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| 1925 |
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The Pact government comes to power, under Jan Smuts and Barry Hertzog. |
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| 1925 |
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The Bill of rights is adopted at the National conference. |
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| 1925 |
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The new name: African National Congress (ANC) is adopted, replacing the old South African native National Congress (SANNC) |
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| 1925 |
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Wage Act.
Attempt to extend pass laws to African women blocked by court decision in suit instigated by African National Congress.
ICU headquarters shifted from Cape Town to Johannesburg.
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| 1925 |
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Anti-Indian Legislation: Transvaal Dealers (Control) Ordinance 11/1925.
This ordinance puts obstacles in the way of obtaining licences. Aim to restrict Indian trade.
Anti-Indian Legislation: Minimum Wages Act.
This Act leads to a form of job reservation and promotes white employment. Certain trades are earmarked for whites.
Anti-Indian Legislation: Class Areas Bill.
This Bill is designed for mere segregation.
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| 1925 |
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The Transvaal Dealers (Control) Ordinance, Ordinance No. 11 of 1925, aims to restrict Indian trade by placing further obstacles in the way of obtaining licences.
The Minimum Wages Act leads to a form of job reservation and promotes White employment by earmarking certain trades for Whites. |
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| 1925 |
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The Wage Act is Passed. The Act gives the Pact government the power to determine wage rates within specific industries.
Alex La Guma is born in Cape Town.
Stanley B. Lollan is born.
Patrick Mosell Molaoa is born in Johannesburg.
Ruth Mompati is born in Vryburg, North-West Province.
Obed Motshabi is born.
John K. Nkadimeng is born in Sekhukhuniland, Eastern Transvaal.
A.B. Nogaya is born.
Tamsanqa Tasque Tshume is born in Port Elizabeth.
Harold Strachan is born.
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| 1925 |
25 January |
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Sir Dinshaw Petit and Sir Purushottamdas Thakurdas head a deputation to the Viceroy of India to press for a round-table conference with South Africa.
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| 1925 |
14 March |
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Heloise Ruth First is born. |
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| 1925 |
8 April |
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The Indian Government sends a telegram to the Union Government to suggest round-table conference. In his reply to the telegram, the Union Governor General states that the conference must acknowledge repatriation as fundamental to the discussions.
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| 1925 |
8 April |
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The Indian Government sends a telegram to the Union Government to suggest a round-table conference. In his reply to the telegram, the Union Governor General states that the conference must acknowledge repatriation as fundamental to the discussions. |
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| 1925 |
14 April |
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Collins Wells Englin is born in Sea Point, Cape Town. |
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| 1925 |
16 June |
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The Union Government rejects a round-table conference with India on the grounds that it will constitute interference in South African affairs.
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| 1925 |
2 July |
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Patrice Lumumba is born in Kasai, in the Northern Province of Katanga. |
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| 1925 |
23 July |
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Anti-Indian Legislation: The Areas Reservation and Immigration and Registration (Further Provision) Bill
Dr. D. F. Malan, Minister of the Interior, introduces Areas Reservation and Immigration and Registration (Further Provision) Bill in Parliament. It defines Indians as aliens and recommends limitation of population through repatriation.
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| 1925 |
23 July |
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Dr. D. F. Malan, Minister of the Interior, introduces the Areas Reservation and Immigration and Registration (Further Provision) Bill in Parliament. The Bill is more stringent than the Class Areas Bill of the previous year whereas the Class Areas Bill was designed for the purposes of enforcing mere segregation, the Areas Reservation Bill defines Indians as aliens and recommends the limitation of the Indian population through repatriation. |
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| 1925 |
23 July |
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Daniel Francois (D. F.) Malan, Minister of the Interior, introduces the Areas Reservation and Immigration and Registration (Further Provision) Bill in Parliament. The Bill is more stringent than the Class Areas Bill of the previous year, whereas the Class Areas Bill was designed for the purposes of enforcing mere segregation, the Areas Reservation Bill defines Indians as aliens and recommends the limitation of the Indian population through repatriation. |
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| 1925 |
31 August |
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The Natal Indian Congress (NIC) holds a mass meeting in Durban in protest against the proposed Areas Reservation and Immigration and Registration (Further Provision) Bill. Anglia and J.K. Roberts call for a round-table meeting of Indian organisations, but the resolution is opposed. |
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| 1925 |
31 August |
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The Natal Indian Congress (NIC) holds a mass meeting in Durban in protest against the proposed Areas Reservation and Immigration and Registration (Further Provision) Bill. Anglia and J.K. Roberts call for a round-table meeting of Indian organisations, but the resolution is opposed. |
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| 1925 |
19 September |
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Liz Abrahams is born in Paarl. |
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| 1925 |
24 September |
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In a communiqu to the Indian Government, the Union Government again declares that there is no need for a round-table conference and that the two Governments need only to discuss the repatriation of South African Indians. |
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| 1925 |
9 November - 12 November |
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The fifth Conference of the South African Indian Congress (SAIC) in Cape Town rejects the Areas Reservation and Immigration and Registration (Further Provision) Bill and calls for a round-table conference to be held between the Governments of India and South Africa and representatives of the SAIC. The Conference also adopts a resolution that a deputation be sent to India.
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| 1925 |
13 November |
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General Hertzog outlines his "solution" for the 'Native Question' at Smithfield.
Afrikaans recognised as an official language.
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| 1925 |
13 November |
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General Barry Hertzog presents his Smithfield speech in the Orange Free State, where he presents proposals regarding the Coloured Persons Rights Bill. |
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| 1925 |
16 November |
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Advocate J.W. Godfrey leads the South African Indian Congress (SAIC) deputation to the Minister of Interior, Dr D.F. Malan, to put forward the case of the Indian community with regards to the Areas Reservation and Immigration and Registration (Further Provision) Bill. The deputation urges the Minister to agree to a round-table conference between the Governments of India and South Africa.
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| 1925 |
16 November |
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Advocate J.W. Godfrey leads the South African Indian Congress (SAIC) deputation to the Minister of Interior, Daniel Francois (D.F.) Malan, to put forward the case of the Indian community with regards to the Areas Reservation and Immigration and Registration (Further Provision) Bill. The deputation urges the Minister to agree to a round-table conference between the Governments of India and South Africa. |
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| 1925 |
23 November |
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0A deputation of the South African Indian Congress (SAIC) leaves for India to lobby the Indian Government about the issues of the Areas Reservation and Immigration and Registration (Further Provision) Bill and a round-table conference between the Governments of India and South Africa.
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| 1925 |
December |
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The Paddison deputation, led by the Commissioner of Labour in Madras, G.F. Paddison, arrives in South Africa. The other members of the deputation are the Hon. Syed Raza Ali, G.S. Bajpai, C.S Ricketts and Sir Deva Prasad Sarvadhikary. The aim of the deputation is to study the general position and economic conditions of the Indians in South Africa. This delegation paves way for the first Round-table Conference.
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| 1925 |
19 December |
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The South African Indian Congress (SAIC) delegation, led by Dr A. Abdurahman (President of the African Peoples Organisation, APO, but now involved with the plight of the Indians), meets with the Viceroy of India. The other members of the delegation are: Amod Bayat, J. W. Godfrey, Pandit Bhawani Dayal, V. S. C. Pather, Sorabjee Rustomjee and A. A. Mirza.
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| 1925 |
26 December |
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The South African Indian Congress (SAIC) deputation attends 40th session of All-India Congress (also referred to as the India National Congress) at Cawnpore, India. Sarojini Naidu, President of the Indian National Congress, links the problems of South African Indians with India's subjection to foreign rule and calls for the freedom of India. |
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| 1926 |
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Prime Minister General Barry Hertzog introduces a Bill to eject Africans from the political system. |
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| 1926 |
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Anti-Indian Legislation: The Mines and Works Amendments Act (Colour Bar Act) 25/1926.
This Act provides certificates of competency for skilled work, Indian workers are excluded.
Anti-Indian Legislation: The Liquor Bill, Sections 107 and 144
Indians and Africans could not be employed by licence holders and were not allowed on licensed premises and liquor supply vehicles. 3000 Indians employed in the brewery trade are affected.
Anti-Indian Legislation: The Local Government (Provincial Powers) Act.
This Act denies citizenship rights to Indians.
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| 1926 |
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The Mines and Works Amendment Act , Act No. 25 of 1926 (Colour Bar Act), provides certificates of competency for skilled work, but Indian workers are excluded. Because of the differential treatment instituted as a result of this and other discriminatory Acts, Indian workers feel that separate Indian and Coloured Unions would best serve their needs, especially as white Trade Unions refuse to admit Indian members who want to fully benefit of Industrial Conciliation Act. i.e. representation on Industrial councils and Conciliation Boards.
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| 1926 |
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In terms of the proposed Liquor Bill, Sections 107 and 144, Indians and Africans cannot be employed by licence holders and are not allowed on licensed premises or to drive in liquor supply vehicles. 3000 Indians employed in the brewery trade are affected. |
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| 1926 |
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Jongilizwe, brother of the Tembu Chief Jongintaba Dalindyebo, dies. It was this latter chief to whom Henry Mandela entrusted his young son, Nelson Mandela. |
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| 1926 |
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The Mines and Works Amendment Act is passed.The Act firmly establishes the principle of the Colour Bar in certain mining jobs.
The African National Congress (ANC) plans a nation wide campaign after the publication of the Black Native Bills in alliance with the Industrial Commercial Union (ICU). Leaders of the two organisations back away from the endorsement and the campaign fails to take off.
The Mines and Works Act no 25 of 1926:This Act, also called the Colour Bar Act, is supposedly designed to counteract the force of economic advantages enjoyed by natives as stated by the governments Mining Regulations Commission. The 1926 legislation is a reflection on the belief by most whites, especially those in the labour market, that it represented unfair competition and that the welfare of Whites would suffer significantly if Blacks were not legislated out of the market. The law strengthened the barriers against non-White advancement provided in the 1911 Act.
Ethel de Keyser is born.
Balelekeng Sam Masemola is born.
John A. Mavuso is born.
Elliot Nzimeni Mfaxa is born at Stutterheim in the Eastern Cape.
Cecil Skotnes born in East London.
Joe Slovo is born in Lithuania.
Joseph Mpoza is born.
Kesval Moonsamy is born.
Maniben Sita is born in the Asiatic bazaar (Marabastad).
Michael Gagashe Zondi is born in Mtulwa, Greytown district of KZN.
Rexon Mathebula is born.
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| 1926 |
30 January |
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Prime Minister, Gen. J.B.M. Hertzog and the Minister of the Interior, Dr D.F. Malan, meet with the Paddington delegation after a great deal of pressure from the British government. The meeting results in the decision that a Select Committee will be set up to enable the Paddison deputation to argue on the principle of Areas Reservation Bill. The deputation also succeeds in getting the Union Government to agree to a round-table conference. |
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| 1926 |
30 January |
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Prime Minister, General Barry Hertzog and the Minister of the Interior, Daniel Francois (D.F.) Malan, meet with the Paddington delegation after a great deal of pressure from the British government. The meeting results in the decision that a Select Committee will be set up to enable the Paddington deputation to argue on the principle of the Areas Reservation Bill. The deputation also succeeds in getting the Union Government to agree to a round-table conference. |
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| 1926 |
February |
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The South African Indian Congress (SAIC) deputation to India returns to South Africa. |
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| 1926 |
17 February |
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The South African Government agrees to round-table conference with the Government of India provided discussion is restricted to repatriation of Indians. The conference is to be held at the end of 1926. It is further agreed that a South African Government deputation will visit India before the conference.
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| 1926 |
23 February |
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The South African Indian Congress (SAIC) calls for a national day of prayer (hartal), strikes and the closure of shops in opposition to various pieces of proposed anti-Indian legislation. The South African Indian community heeds this call on national scale. |
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