| 1930 |
|
|
|
J.T. Gumede is voted out of office as president for being too close to the Communist Party, and is replaced by Pixley Seme. |
|
| 1930 |
|
|
|
The formation of the Independent ANC |
|
| 1930 |
|
|
|
Fietas, Johannesburg: 'Africans' are moved out of the south of Fietas (between 17th and 24th Streets) to Orlando and ‘Coloured' people and Tamil people moved in. |
|
| 1930 |
|
|
|
White women get the vote. This means in effect that the weight of the black vote is decreased from 3.1% to 1.4%. The first restrictions against the urbanisation of black women are introduced. The official government reasons for this are to decrease prostitution and illegal brewing in urban areas. |
|
| 1930 |
|
|
|
Minister of Justice, Oswald Pirow pilots the Riotous Assemblies (Amendment) Bill through parliament. This measure empowers him to exile persons seen to be creating hostility between the races, thus giving a new means to controlling radical political movements within South Africa.
Dr. Alfred Bitini (A.B.) Xuma, says in a speech to the Conference of European and Black Christian Associations that he hopes that a possibility exists for inter-racial cooperation.
Prixley Isaka Seme, the founding father the African National Congress (ANC) is elected president and replaces Josiah Tshangana Gumede.
The African National Congress (ANC) Secretary-General and Journalist attend the Pan-Africanist Congress (PAC) meeting. He urges the convocation to coordinate opposition to General Barry Hertzogs efforts to influence the British African policy.
Allison Wessels George (A.W.G.) Champion becomes the first African to be banned under the Riotous Assemblies (Amendment) Act. He is exiled to Durban for a three-year period.
Molly Blackburn is born.
Amina Cachalia is born.
Stella Madge Damos is born.
Paul Joseph is born.
Nelson Mandelas father dies.
Joseph Sallie Poonyane Molefi is born in Winburg, Free State.
Billy Nair is born.
Mshiywa Henry Tshabalala is born.
|
|
| 1930 |
January |
|
|
Second Non-European Conference, Cape Town). |
|
| 1930 |
3 February |
|
|
Following problems over Indian trading rights and ownership of property in the municipal areas of Springs, Krugersdorp, and Norwood and Braamfontein in Johannesburg, the Minister of the Interior, Dr D.F. Malan, appoints a Select Committee to look into the questions of Indian trading rights and ownership of property in the Transvaal.
|
|
| 1930 |
April |
|
|
Pixley ka I. Seme elected president of the African National Congress |
|
| 1930 |
May |
|
|
Anti-Indian Legislation: The Transvaal Asiatic Land Tenure (Amendment) Bill is introduced by Minister of Interior as a result of recommendations of Select Committee. Proposes segregation: *relocation of Indians to designated areas exempted from Gold Law within five years. No protection for those who had acquired interests on proclaimed (mining) land.
Anti-Indian Legislation: The Industrial Conciliation Act, 1930.
Anti-Indian Legislation: Wage Amendment Act, 1930.
Anti-Indian Legislation: Women's Enfranchisement Act, 1930
|
|
| 1930 |
13 May |
|
|
The Select Committee, appointed in January 1930 to look into the questions of Indian trading rights and ownership of property in the Transvaal, publishes its report and makes the following recommendations:
1.Asiatics are in the future to be prevented from acquiring property in any form outside the areas set aside for them.
2.Sections 130 and 131 of the Gold Law is to be strictly enforced after 1 May 1930, even in townships like Springs which were held to be outside Gold Law.
3.Trading licenses are to be issued only to Asiatics who are the lawful owners of the premises that they occupy.
Immediately following the recommendations of the Select Committee, the Minister of the Interior, Dr D.F. Malan, introduces the Transvaal Asiatic Land Tenure (Amendment) Bill. The Bill contains three main provisions concerning the ownership of fixed property by Asiatics in the Transvaal; the occupation of stands in prohibited areas and their residence thereon; and the method of granting trading licences to Asiatics. It thus has as its aim to close every loophole in existing laws and regulations. The Bill sparks widespread protest and is regarded by Indians as a betrayal of the Cape Town Agreement.
|
|
| 1930 |
21 May |
|
|
Riotous Assemblies (Amendment) Act No 19:
Authorised the Governor-General to prohibit the publication or other dissemination of any ‘documentary information ... calculated to engender feelings of hostility between the European inhabitants of the Union on the one hand and any other section of the inhabitants of the Union on the other hand' (Dugard 1978: 177).
Commenced: 21 May 1930
Repealed by s 20 of the Riotous Assemblies Act No 17 of 1956.
|
|
| 1930 |
June |
|
|
Clements Kadalie is banned from the Rand. |
|
| 1930 |
June |
|
|
Non-European Convention held in Kimberley as a climax to a campaign of protest meetings and resolutions against the pass laws and the Hertzog Bills. It is attended by more than 100 delegates representing the ANC, the APO, the Indian Congress, the Native Voters Association, the Bantu Union and religious and welfare societies from all over Southern Africa. Dr. Abdurahman elected to the chair.
|
|
| 1930 |
9 August |
|
|
The Government of India sends a telegram to the South African Government in protest against the proposed Transvaal Asiatic Land Tenure (Amendment) Bill. |
|
| 1930 |
September |
|
|
General Hertzog at Imperial Conference in London asks South African voice in British Imperial policy in Africa. |
|
| 1930 |
5 October - 6 October |
|
|
An emergency conference of the South African Indian Congress (SAIC) is held in Johannesburg in order to formulate opposition to the Transvaal Asiatic Land Tenure (Amendment) Bill. Sir Kurma Reddi, the Indian Agent in South Africa, addresses the Conference. The Conference calls upon the South African Government to withdraw the Bill and presses for another round-table conference to be held between the South African and Indian Governments. Should the South African Government fail to accept such a conference, it is asked that India shall withdraw its Agent as protest against Bill.
|
|
| 1930 |
28 October |
|
|
Representatives of India, Sir Muhammad Shafi and G.S. Bajpai hold informal talks with Prime Minister, General J.B.M. Hertzog.
|
|
| 1931 |
|
|
|
The Non-European Conference is held. |
|
| 1931 |
|
|
|
Establishment of the Women's section of the Communist Party, as a result of issues such as beer-brewing and food prices.
Fifteen-year old Sarah Rubin, later Carneson, whose parents were founder members of SACP, joins the Young Communist League |
|
| 1931 |
|
|
|
Anti-Indian Legislation: The Asiatic Immigration Amendment Act
Indians have to prove the legitimacy of their domicile in the country.
|
|
| 1931 |
|
|
|
Cracks within the African National Congress (ANC) appear and the organisation fails to organise its structures.
Vus'umuzi Make is born.
Abednego Bhekabantu Ngcobo is born in Natal.
|
|
| 1931 |
|
|
|
Motherwell, a Scottish professional side, tours South Africa (and again in 1934). |
|
| 1931 |
January |
|
|
Third Non-European Conference, in Bloemfontein, votes to send deputation to Europe. |
|
| 1931 |
28 January |
|
|
The Government of India formally requests the South African Government to postpone the Transvaal Asiatic Land Tenure Bill pending negotiations between the two Governments concerning a second round-table conference.
|
|
| 1931 |
19 April |
|
|
Kobie Coetsee is born in Ladybrand in the Orange Free State. |
|
| 1931 |
6 May |
|
|
The Minister of the Interior, Dr D.F. Malan, announces the postponement of the second reading of the Bill and a tentative date is set for the Second Round-table Conference in December.
|
|
| 1931 |
July |
|
|
Abantu-Batho (The People) ceases publication as an African National Congress organ. |
|
| 1931 |
December |
|
|
Communist-sponsored pass-burning campaigns culminating in disturbances in Durban.
|
|
| 1931 |
31 December |
|
|
Dorothy Nomzansi Nyembe is born near Dundee in northern KwaZulu-Natal. |
|
| 1932 |
|
|
|
Pixley Seme outlines his reform scheme, desperately seeking to improve the financial matters of the congress. |
|
| 1932 |
|
|
|
The Supreme Court removes Pixley Seme's name from the Roll of attorneys. |
|
| 1932 |
|
|
|
Hilda Bernstein becomes a member of the South African Labour Party League of Youth. |
|
| 1932 |
|
|
|
Anti-Indian Legislation: Transvaal Asiatic Land Tenure (Amendment) Act 35/1932
The Transvaal Asiatic Land Tenure Act and its subsequent amendments in 1934, 1935 and 1937 establish statutory segregation of Indians in the Transvaal end the state of uncertainty about their status in the Province that has obtained since the passing of Law 3, 1885. It is passed in 1935.
|
|
| 1932 |
|
|
|
Epainette Moerane (Ma Mofokeng Clan Name) Meets Govan Mbeki at Taylor Street Secondary School. |
|
| 1932 |
|
|
|
The Native service contracts increased penalties for law breakers and tightens restrictions on movement by African labourers outside the reserves.
Yusuf Dadoo attends the South African Indian Congress meeting where the Transvaal Asiatic Land Tenure Act is discussed. He is convinced that the South African Indian Congress could only advance in their struggle if they cooperate with national organisations representing African and Coloured people.
Sheena Duncan is born in Johannesburg.
Louis Luyt is born.
Florence Mkhize is born in Natal.
Bernard Ncube is born in Johannesburg.
Sydney Shall is born.
Aidan Walsh is born.
Mandlenkosi Zondi is born. |
|
| 1932 |
|
|
|
The South African African Football Association (SAAFA) is formed and it launches the Bakers Cup national tournament. |
|
| 1932 |
4 January |
|
|
A delegation of the Government of India arrives in South Africa for the second round-table conference with representatives of the South African Government. The delegation is led by Sir Fazli Hussein and the other members are V.S.S. Sastri, Sarojini Naidu, Sir Geoffrey Corbett, Sir dArcy Lindsay, Sir Kurma Reddi and G.S. Bajpai (Secretary).
|
|
| 1932 |
12 January |
|
|
The Second Round-table Conference between the Governments of India and South Africa opens in Cape Town. The South African delegation is led by the Minister of the Interior, Dr D.F. Malan, and includes the Minister of Land, Oswald Pirow, the Minister of Native Affairs, E.G. Jansen, and Patrick Duncan and G.H. Nicholls as representatives of the opposition South African Party.
|
|
| 1932 |
12 January - 4 February |
|
|
During the Second Round-table Conference between the Governments of India and South Africa, the South African Minister of the Interior, Dr D.F. Malan, indicates the failure of Cape Town Agreement with regards to the repatriation of Indians and introduces the Colonisation (Emigration) Scheme. In terms of this scheme, a Committee will be appointed to investigate possible outlets or areas abroad, to which South African Indians can be relocated. Malan also produces a signed document by South African Indian leaders, including Advocate Albert Christopher, P.R. Pather and Manilal Gandhi, in which cooperation in a colonising scheme is offered. This issue would later lead to a split in the South African Indian Community with the formation of the Colonial Born and Indian Settlers Association.
|
|
| 1932 |
4 February |
|
|
The Second Round-table Conference between the Governments of India and South Africa ends in Cape Town without any decisions or agreements on the contentious Transvaal Asiatic Land Tenure Bill of 1930.
|
|
| 1932 |
March |
|
|
Start of publication of Bantu World, European-sponsored African newspaper.
Native Service Contract Act.
Report of the Carnegie Commission on the Poor White Problem.
|
|
| 1932 |
5 April |
|
|
The Report on the Second Round-table Conference between the Governments of India and South Africa is released. Indian leaders in South Africa express their disappointment with the results of the Conference and its emphasis on the Scheme of Assisted Emigration. |
|
| 1932 |
18 April |
|
|
The Minister of the Interior, Dr D.F. Malan, requests the South African Indian Congress (SAIC) to nominate a representative of the South African Indian community to the Colonisation Enquiry Committee.
|
|
| 1932 |
25 April |
|
|
Frene Noshir Ginwala is born. |
|
| 1932 |
June |
|
|
Attempt to apply curfew regulations to African women in the Transvaal sparks discussions of passive resistance against passes. |
|
| 1932 |
June |
|
|
The Transvaal Asiatic Land Tenure (Amendment) Act, Act No. 35 of 1932 becomes law. The Transvaal Asiatic Land Tenure Act and its subsequent amendments in 1934, 1935 and 1937 establish the statutory segregation of Indians in the Transvaal and end the state of uncertainty about their status in the Province that has existed since the passing of Law 3 of 1885.
|
|
| 1932 |
3 August |
|
|
Sir Kunwar Maharaj Singh arrives in South Africa as the successor to Sir Kurma Reddi as Agent for the Government of India in South Africa. The Indian Government places the Agent at the disposal of the proposed Colonisation Enquiry Committee.
|
|
| 1932 |
3 August |
|
|
The South African Indian Congress convenes a conference in Johannesburg. The Conference adopts a resolution in which it agrees to co-operate with the Indian and South African Governments to find good opportunities for Indians in other countries in terms of the proposed Assisted Emigration Scheme. However, the Conference stresses that this decision is neither an admission that Indians are undesirables nor an acceptance of attempts to reduce the South African Indian population.
|
|
| 1932 |
14 August |
|
|
The Transvaal Indian Congress (TIC) holds a mass meeting, attended by one thousand people, to respond to the Transvaal Asiatic Land Tenure Amendment Act. After an emotional appeal by Thambi Naidoo, the meeting resolves to appoint a committee to organize resistance to the Act.
|
|
| 1932 |
27 August |
|
|
The twelfth annual conference of the South African Indian Congress (SAIC) is held in Johannesburg. The SAIC President, Sorabjee Rustomjee, supports the Transvaal Indian Congress (TIC) decision to resist the Transvaal Asiatic Land Tenure Act.
|
|
| 1932 |
4 October |
|
|
The Feetham Commission, led by Mr Justice Feetham, is appointed to enquire into the occupation of proclaimed land in the Transvaal by Coloured persons and to compile a register of persons in legal/ illegal occupation. The Agent-General of India, Kunwar Sir Maharaj Singh, appeals to the Commission on behalf of South African Indians. The Commission is boycotted by the Transvaal and South African Indian Congresses (TIC and SAIC).
|
|
| 1933 - 1938 |
|
|
|
The ANC goes through a sharp decline |
|
| 1933 |
|
|
|
Pixley Seme uses the votes of women to ensure his reelection as president of the African National Congress. |
|
| 1933 |
|
|
|
Albert Luthuli becomes President of the African Teachers' Association. |
|
| 1933 |
|
|
|
General Barry Hertzog and Jan Smuts form a coalition government.
Farid Ahmed Adams is born in India.
Dennis Goldberg is born in Cape Town.
Tennyson Xola Makiwane is born in the Transkei.
Eric Ngcobo is born near Melmoth, Zululand.
|
|
| 1933 |
|
|
|
The South African Bantu Football Association (SABFA) and the South African Coloured Football Association (SACFA) are formed. |
|
| 1933 |
March |
|
|
General Hertzog invites General Smuts to form coalition government. |
|
| 1933 |
29 March |
|
|
Stanley Mogoba is born in Ga-Mphahlele, Polokwane. |
|
| 1933 |
May |
|
|
National elections. Coalition parties win overwhelming parliamentary majority. Fusion government formed with General Hertzog as prime minister and General Smuts as deputy prime minister.
General Hertzog and General Smuts joined to form the United Party. A small number of Nationalists, under Dr. Malan, retained the Nationalist Party.
|
|
| 1933 |
16 June |
|
|
The new Minister of the Interior in the Coalition Government, J.H. Hofmeyr, appoints the Indian Colonisation Enquiry Committee and announces the Committee's terms of reference and composition. Known as the Young Committee after its Chairman, James Young, its other members are G. Heaton Nicholls, P.K. Kincaid and a nominee of the South African Indian Congress (SAIC).
|
|
| 1933 |
9 July |
|
|
The Executive of the South African Indian Congress (SAIC) meets in Durban and appoints S.R. Naidoo as the SAIC's nominee to the Young Committee. Albert Christopher, Manilal Gandhi and P.R. Pather, arguing for non-cooperation with the Committee, strongly condemn the appointment.
|
|
| 1933 |
23 July |
|
|
Twenty-two leading Indian leaders, including Manilal Gandhi, Albert Christopher and P.R. Pather, calls for a mass meeting to protest the decision of the South African Indian Congress (SAIC) to cooperate with the Young Committee.
|
|
| 1933 |
28 July |
|
|
The Young Commission, charged with investigating possible outlets or areas abroad to which South African Indians can be relocated, begins its work.
|
|
| 1933 |
August |
|
|
Albert Christopher, Manilal Gandhi, S.L. Singh and P.R. Pather form the Colonial Born and Settlers Indian Association (CBSIA). Christopher becomes President; Manilal Gandhi, Vice-President; S.L. Singh and A. Haffejee secretaries; and K.K. Pillay and P.G. Naicker (father of Dr. G.M. Naicker) treasurers. The formation of the CBSIA is essentially in protest against the cooperation of the South African Indian Congress (SAIC) and the Government of India with the Young Committee.
|
|
| 1933 |
19 August - 20 August |
|
|
The South African Indian Congress (SAIC) holds an Emergency Conference in Johannesburg. The Conference, opened by the Indian Agent-General, Kunwar Maharaj Singh, sanctions a policy of cooperation with the Young Committee and confirms the nomination of S. R. Naidoo to the Committee. Manilal Gandhi, Albert Christopher and Transvaal Indian Congress delegates C.K.T. Naidoo, B.L.E. Sigamoney, P.S. Joshi, E. Mall and S.B. Medh oppose the SAIC line.
|
|
| 1933 |
24 August |
|
|
A meeting of the Colonial Born and Indian Settlers Association (CBSIA) at the Durban City Hall is attended by Sir Kunwar Maharaj Singh, the Indian Agent in South Africa, and his wife. Lady Maharaj Singh brings the rowdy meeting to order.
|
|
| 1933 |
September |
|
|
Members of the Colonial Born and Indian Settlers Association's (CBSIA) Pietermaritzburg branch, armed with knives, knuckledusters, bicycle chains and iron rods, disrupt a meeting in the Pietermaritzburg City Hall and the police is called in.
|
|
| 1933 |
23 September |
|
|
A. Christopher and P.R. Pather address meetings in Pretoria and Johannesburg. These meetings are disrupted by Transvaal Indian Congress (TIC) supporters of S.M. Nana.
|
|
| 1933 |
31 December |
|
|
The first provincial conference of the Colonial Born and Indian Settlers Association (CBSIA) is held in Durban.
|
|
| 1934 |
|
|
|
The Slums Act is passed.
The Feetham Commission is set up
Eighteen year old Sarah Carneson joins the SACP. She teaches workers to read and write at the SACP's night school. |
|
| 1934 |
|
|
|
Anti-Indian Legislation: The Slums Act
This Act is aimed at improving conditions in locations, but actually expropriates Indian property.
|
|
| 1934 |
|
|
|
The fusion of South African Party (SAP) and National Party (NP) results in the formation of the United Party (UP) with General Barry Hertzog as its leader.
The Slums Act is passed.This Act enforces the demolition of slums and expropriates with the ultimate aim of segregation.
Nomzamo Zaniewe Winnifred Mandela is born at Bizana in Pondoland, Transkei.
Esther Susanna Mentz travels to Germany to study music and acting.
Moosa (Mosie) Mohammed Moolla is born.
Francis William Reitz dies.
Jonas Malheiro Savimbi is born. |
|
| 1934 |
|
|
|
Motherwell, a Scottish professional side, tours South Africa for a second time, after an earlier visit in 1931. |
|
| 1934 |
9 January |
|
|
The South African Indian Congress presents a statement to the Young Committee, requesting full citizenship rights for Indians in South Africa.
|
|
| 1934 |
7 February |
|
|
The Young Committee, charged with investigating possible outlets or areas abroad to which South African Indians can be relocated, completes its work.
|
|
| 1934 |
16 February |
|
|
The British Indian Union of East London dissolves and forms the Colonial Born and Indian Settlers Association (CBSIA)(East London).
|
|
| 1934 |
26 February |
|
|
The Young Committee publishes its recommendations on the proposed Indian Assisted Emigration Scheme. The Committee identifies British North Borneo, British New Guinea and British Guiana as suitable for Indian colonisation. However, the Committee's findings are not not taken seriously and the Committee expires. Though a few Indians do emigrate, Scheme of Assisted Emigration continues, until suspended during WWII.
|
|
| 1934 |
8 May |
|
|
Sibusiso Bengu is born. |
|
| 1934 |
July |
|
|
'Purified' Nationalist Party formed under leadership of Daniel Malan.
|
|
| 1934 |
8 October |
|
|
Kader Asmal is born in Stanger, KwaZulu-Natal. |
|
| 1934 |
28 November |
|
|
Bertha (Mashaba) Gxowa is born in Germiston. |
|
| 1934 |
December |
|
|
United Party formed by majority of supporters of Nationalist Party and South Africa Party. General Hertzog is leader; General Smuts deputy. |
|
| 1935 |
|
|
|
The National Liberation League for Equality, Land and Freedom launched with Mrs. Zaibunnissa (Cissy) Gool as president and James la Guma as general secretary. Its foundation conference adopts a programme and constitution pledged to 'unite all individuals, organisations and other bodies in agreement with the programme of the League to struggle for complete social, political and economic equality of Non-Europeans in South Africa', reflecting the need for unity against the white minority. |
|
| 1935 |
|
|
|
The National Council for African Women founded at the All African Convention with Charlotte Maxeke as president. This organisation is concerned with women's welfare and members are usually teachers and nurses. |
|
| 1935 |
|
|
|
The first group of Indian girls matriculate in South Africa |
|
| 1935 |
|
|
|
Anti-Indian Legislation: The Rural Dealers Licensing Ordinance, Natal.
This Ordinance causes the refusal of licenses to people whose properties have depreciated in value or whose licenses endangers the comfort and health of neighbours.
|
|
| 1935 |
|
|
|
Albert Luthuli is elected Chief by the people of Groutville Mission Reserve, and he subsequently leaves Adam's College. |
|
| 1935 |
|
|
|
A Natives Representative Council (NRC) is created
Satyandranath (Mac) Maharaj is born.
Lionel E. Morrison is born.
Mzwakhe Mbatha is born.
|
|
| 1935 |
|
|
|
The Transvaal Inter-Race Soccer Board is formed by Africans, Indians, and Coloureds.
The Suzman Cup, the first official inter-racial tournament between Africans, Coloureds, and Indians, is established.
|
|
| 1935 |
|
|
|
Govan Mbeki joins the African National Congress. |
|
| 1935 |
February |
|
|
Sir Syed Reza Ali becomes the new Agent of the Government of India to South Africa.
|
|
| 1935 |
15 February |
|
|
The All African Convention (AAC) passes a resolution regarding the abolition of the Cape Native Franchise. |
|
| 1935 |
May |
|
|
Joint Select Committee of Parliament table two measures: the Representation of Native Bill and the Native Trust and the Land Bill. |
|
| 1935 |
18 May |
|
|
The South African Communist Party (SACP) urged people to fight for the retaining of the Cape Native Franchise.
Rev. Z. R. Mahabanes national convention statement appears in the Bantu World |
|
| 1935 |
June |
|
|
The Feetham Commission releases Parts I & II of its report. |
|
| 1935 |
June |
|
|
News report and resolution of the conference called by the Transvaal African Congress. |
|
| 1935 |
August |
|
|
Introduction of pamphlet regarding the Native Bills views. |
|
| 1935 |
6 September - 7 September |
|
|
News report and resolution of the conference of chiefs and leaders in the Transvaal and Orange Free State, which is convened by government. |
|
| 1935 |
October |
|
|
The Feetham Commission releases Part III of its report. The Commission recommends that some 202 acres of land on the Rand be exempted from the Transvaal Asiatic Land Tenure Act for occupation and ownership by Indians.
|
|
| 1935 |
December |
|
|
Calls for a conference of all African organizations by Professor D.D.T. Jabavu results in 400 delegates attending the All-African Convention in Bloemfontein. Albert Luthuli does not attend. |
|
| 1935 |
15 December |
|
|
The All African Convention delegates arrive on a Sunday morning and register with the local committee at the office of Mr. Thomas. M. Mapikela, Chief Headman of all Bloemfontein locations. |
|
| 1935 |
15 December |
|
|
Professor Davidson Don Tengo (D. D. T.) Jabavu, Prixley Ka Isaka Seme, President of the African National Congress (ANC), Africans from different political spectrums and from all sections of South Africa convene at Community Hall, Bloemfontein. Under the chairmanship of Prof. Jabavu, delegates draft comprehensive resolutions on African grievances and resolve to constitute the All African Convention (AAC), an organised body that intends to promote African rights through boycotts. The AAC chooses Bloemfontein because of its historical significance, as it was here on 8 January 1912 that the South African National Native Congress (SANNC) was founded. (This happens at the same time that Afrikaners are celebrating the ninety-eighth anniversary of the Voortrekker victory over the Zulus at the Battle off Blood River in 1838). |
|
| 1935 |
15 December - 18 December |
|
|
Proceedings and resolutions of the All African Convention (AAC) take place. It is agreed that All African inhabitants of the union to observe Sunday, 19 January 1936 as a day of universal humiliation and intercession in their places of worship, public gatherings. Prayers are to be offered for Gods guidance and intervention of the pending disfranchisement of the Cape Natives by the Parliament of South Africa. The following resolutions by Mr. L. T. Mtimkulu is carried out:-That the resolutions on the Representation of Natives Bill and Native Land and Trust Bill be submitted to parliament by a deputation of Africans during the next session of parliament.-The said deputation to present the viewpoint of the AAC held at Bloemfontein on 16 December 1935 at the bar of the House of Assembly.The deputation is instructed to submit to parliament that in its opinion (AAC), no permanent or peaceful solution of the franchise or land question is possible unless it is the result of mutual agreement between representatives of White and Black races, which is only possible by means of a round-table or similar conference. |
|
| 1935 |
16 December |
|
|
The CPSA calls for a united front campaign against the pass laws culminating in the burning of passes throughout the country on December 16, Dingane's Day. Johannes Nkosi and 3 other African workers attending a demonstration in Durban are shot, stabbed and beaten to death by police.
|
|
| 1935 |
16 December |
|
|
Afrikaners celebrates ninety-eighth anniversary of their victory over the Zulus.
John Tengo Jabavu and Prixley Isaka Seme and a host of politicians meet in Bloemfontein resolve to constitute the All African Convention (AAC).
Those present at the All African Convention (AAC) are Dr. John Langalibalele Dube, Rev. Z. R. Mahabane, Dr. Alfred Bitini (A.B.) Xuma and Dr. James Sebe (J. S.) Moroka, J. B. Marks, Edwin Mofutsanyane of the Communist Party of South Africa (CP), Clements Kadalie of the Industrial and Commercial Workers Union (ICU), tribal chiefs (members of the Transkei Bunga), respected church dignitaries, elected members of the Urban Advisory Boards, prominent women, professional men, and representatives of a score of local organisations, including Coloureds from left-wing circles in Cape Town.
The All African Conventions (AAC) discussion focuses on the pending Native Bills, but the most condemnation of the delegates is directed to the entire post-union trend of government policy. The Native Representative Council (NRC). The NRC is regarded as unacceptable. The proposals, which are contained in the Native Trust and Land Bill, are rejected as in inadequate for satisfaction of African demands for land.
The All African Convention (AAC) demands reconsideration of oppressive laws such as the Riotous Assemblies Act, the Native Service Contract Act, Poll Tax Act, and the Pass Laws. John Gomas, a Cape Town Coloured Communist proposes that mass protest meetings be organised throughout South Africa in opposition in opposition of these Acts. |
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| 1936 |
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FW de Klerk is born in Johannesburg
African voters transferred to a separate roll.
Zainunnisa Cissie Gool founds the National Liberation League, and becomes the first President 1938-1951. |
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| 1936 |
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The government sets up a Commission of Inquiry into African education. The Commission points to problems with the system, but virtually nothing is done to improve things. |
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| 1936 |
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Dr. Yusuf Dadoo returns to practice in South Africa after obtaining a medical degree in Edinburgh. He subsequently joins the Transvaal Indian Congress (TIC) and is offered a position on the executive of TIC, which he refuses. |
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| 1936 |
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Chamberlain Nakasa, brother of Nat Nakasa and compositor and columnist on African affairs in "Indian Views" weekly, starts a monthly journal called New Outlook. The editorial board consists of himself, B. Asher, Dr. Goonam, Farooqi Mehtar and I.C. Meer. A radical journal, New Outlook lasts for a short time. New Outlook is followed by Call, published by H.A. Naidoo, Cassim Amra, D.A. Seedat, George Ponen, A.K.M. Docrat and others who later become active in the Liberal Study Group.
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| 1936 |
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Cape African Voters are removed from the voters roll.
All African Convention (AAC) deputation led by John Tengo Jabavu meets Prime Minister Barry Hertzog in Cape and expresses its opposition to the Representation of Natives Bill.
I. B. Mbelle alleges that Jan Smuts had said in 1926 that if Natives of the Cape were deprived of the vote, it would be a direct violation of the constitution.
Industrial Conciliation Act No 36:It provides for the registration and regulation of trade unions and employers organisations, the settlement of disputes between employers and employees, and the regulation of conditions of employment.Repealed by section 56 of the Industrial Conciliation Act No 28 of 19.
The Development Trust and Land Act no 18 of 1936: This Act compliments the Representation of Natives Act of 1936 in that it allows for a further 6.2 million hectares of land to be added to the African reserves under the 1913 Land Act. It also establishes the South African Native Trust, which became the Bantu Trust and then later the Development Trust. The function of the Trust is to acquire and administer all released land. This means that African people are not permitted to own land in their own right.
Neville Edward Alexander is born
Martha Mohlakoane joins the African National Congress (ANC).
Theophilus Kgosikobo Musi is born.
Lionel Davis is born in Cape Town.
The All African Conventions Executive Committee deputation led by Professor Davidson Don Tengo (D. D. T) Jabavu meets with Prime Minister Barry Hertzog and other government officials in Cape Town. Their discussion centres on the acts that were passed in South Africa in 1935. The Act segregates and limits African rights. Hertzog offers a compromise: the retention of the Cape African Franchise but the removal of all registered African voters from the common voters roll but, instead, they vote for the same candidates as the Whites, on a separate roll which would elect three White members to the Cape Provincial Council.
Prime Minister Barry Hertzog refuses to allow postponement in the passing of some of the Bills and having some of the Act looked at again. The All African Convention (AAC) deputation led by Professor Davidson Don Tengo (D. D. T) Jabavu reaffirms its opposition to the Bills in the strongest possible manner; as it did in its meeting in December 1935.
Selby Msimang, Secretary General of the All African Convention (AAC) expresses his view in an article published in The Crisis. He argues that Parliament and White South Africans have disowned Africans of their belongings and flirted with their loyalty.
Max Yergan is elected All African Convention (AAC)s secretary of External Affairs having left South Africa for New York.
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| 1936 |
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The Godfrey South African Challenge Cup is established |
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| 1936 |
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The All African Conventions Executive Committee deputation led by Professor Davidson Don Tengo (D. D. T) Jabavu meets with Prime Minister Barry Hertzog and other government officials in Cape Town. Their discussion centres around the acts which segregated and limited African rights and were passed in South Africa in 1935. Hertzog offers a compromise: the retention of the Cape African Franchise but the removal of all registered African voters from the common voters roll where they would vote for the same candidates as the Whites but a separate roll would be established in order to elect three White members to the Cape Provincial Council. |
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| 1936 |
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Prime Minister Barry Hertzog refuses to allow postponement in the passing of some of the Bills and having some aspects of the Act looked at again. The All African Convention (AAC) deputation led by Professor Davidson Don Tengo (D. D. T) Jabavu reaffirm its opposition to the Bills in the strongest possible manner as it did in its meeting in December 1935. |
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| 1936 |
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Selby Msimang, Secretary General of the All African Convention (AAC) expresses his view in an article published in The Crisis. He argues that Parliament and White South Africans have dispossessed Africans of their belongings and toyed with their loyalty. |
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| 1936 |
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It is found that the All African Convention (AAC) has a budget of 100 British Pounds. The bulk of which was spent on printing conference minutes. |
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| 1936 |
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Max Yergan is elected All African Convention (AAC)s secretary of External Affairs after leaving South Africa for New York. |
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| 1936 |
January |
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The rank the representative of the Indian Government in South Africa is raised from "Agent" to "Agent-General". |
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| 1936 |
18 January |
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Sir Reza Ali, the Indian Agent-General to South Africa, marries a Hindu, Miss Ponnoosammy. This causes a furor and several Hindu officials and Sorabjee Rustomjee resign from the leadership of Natal Indian Congress (NIC) and the South African Indian Congress (SAIC). The leadership of the NIC passes to A.I. Kajee and other Muslims.
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| 1936 |
February |
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The fifteenth annual conference of the South African Indian Congress is |
