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SOUTH AFRICAN HISTORY TIMELINES

1970s

The 1900s have been broken into decades

1970  
Prices begin to rise sharply, making it even more difficult for workers to survive on low wages. Spontaneous strikes resulted: workers walk out of the work places demanding wage increases.

1970  
The Bantu Homelands Citizenship Act strips blacks of their South African Citizenship.

1970  
Fietas, Johannesburg: Lenasia is incorporated into the Johannesburg Municipal Area.

1970  
Bantu Homelands Citizenship Act (National States Citizenship Act) No 26:

Required all black persons to become citizens of a self-governing territorial authority. As Minister Connie Mulder stated: ‘No black person will eventually qualify in terms of section 10 because they will all be aliens, and as such, will only be able to occupy the houses bequeathed to them by their fathers, in the urban areas, by special permission of the Minister,’ i.e. black people are forced by residence in designated ‘homelands’ areas to be citizens of that homeland and denied South African nationality, the right to work in South Africa etc.
Assent gained: 26 March 1970; commencement date not found
Repealed by the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa Act No 200 of 1993.

1970  
Fatima Meer banned for planning mass rally with Steve Biko.

Winnie Mandela placed under house arrest.

1970   Robert McBrid's sister Gwynneth is born.

1970   Coloured and Indian players are purged from African clubs.

South Africa is expelled from the Olympic Movement.

1970  
Thabo Mbeki is sent to Soviet Union for political training. Walter Sisulu and Abertina Sisuls son Max joins Thabo, and together they make their way to a remote military camp near a town called Sekhodia.

1970 1 January  
The Weights and Measures Bill providing for the metrification of weights and measures, thereby introducing the metric system, comes into effect.

1970 9 January  
The first week after the announcement of the agreement with the International Monetary Fund the price of gold falls below $35 per oz.

1970 30 January  
The Prime Minister announces that the government is watching the situation in Lesotho following the elections and that necessary measures have been taken to ensure the safety of South Africans there.

1970 6 February  
The Prime Minister announces that all Coloured people will be removed from the common voters’ roll.

1970 11 February  
A delegation from Mauritius arrives in Cape Town to discuss ways of strengthening links between Mauritius and South Africa.

1970 16 February  
Twenty-two Africans are acquitted of unlawful activities. Three are subsequently released, but the nineteen others are charged again under the Terrorism Act, and immediately taken into custody. They include Winnie Mandela.

1970 18 February  
Minister of Defence Botha, appeals in the House of Assembly to the British government to uphold its honour in respect of the Simonstown Agreement, otherwise South Africa will have to explore other avenues to strengthen its maritime forces.

1970 23 February   The Bantu Laws Amendment Bill is passed.

1970 26 February  
The Bantu Homelands Citizenship Bill is passed, whereby every African is issued with a certificate of citizenship of his respective ‘homeland’.

1970 6 March  
The National Party manifesto reaffirms its belief in separate development programmes for the white, black, Coloured and Indian population.

1970 10 March  
South Africa’s consular representation will not be withdrawn from Rhodesia and South Africa’s relations with the Republic of Rhodesia will remain unchanged.

1970 13 March  
A total of 407 candidates are nominated for the 166 seats in the House of Assembly. Eight parties and five independents will contest 155 of the constituencies.

1970 18 March  
The Deputy Leader of the Herstigte Nasionale Party (HNP), Jaap Marais, is committed for trial in the Pretoria Supreme Court on three charges under the Official Secrets Act.
 
1970 23 March  
South Africa is banned from competing in the Davis Cup, as a result of South Africa’s apartheid stand in sport.

1970 26 March  
On this date all Africans become citizens of their ethnic ‘homelands’. However, they will not become foreigners in the Republic of South Africa.

South Africa:Signs treaty with Portugal (for Mozambique), amending Article XXXII of the Mozambique Convention.

1970 April  
The Leader of the United Party reiterates his party’s proposal for a Federal Constitution.
The Herstigte Nasionaie Party publishes its manifesto describing its aim of a society dominated by Christian national concepts and Afrikaans as the only official language.

1970 2 April   South Africa:Signs agreement with Australia relating to air services.

1970 13 April  
B.J. Vorster states that he is prepared to meet demands that mixed sports should be allowed.

1970 14 April  
The United Nations Special Committee on Apartheid urges a boycott of all South African racist sporting organizations and supports an African proposal to exclude the Republic from both the Munich Olympics and the Olympic Movement itself.

1970 22 April  
The general election results in the return to power of the National Party for the sixth time since 1948, but with a reduced majority. There is an overall swing of two and a half percent to the United Party, and of five and a half percent away from the National Party with three percent going to the Herstigte Nasionale Party. The NP wins 117 seats with 820,968 votes cast. The UP wins forty-seven seats with 561,647 votes cast. The Progressive Party wins one seat with 51,760 votes cast.

1970 24 April  
It is confirmed in London that thirteen African countries have threatened to withdraw from the Commonwealth Games in Edinburgh, if the South African cricket tour of Britain goes on.

1970 27 April  
The Prime Minister announces that his newly re-elected government is to continue its outward looking foreign policy as well as its policy of separate development.

1970 11 May   The Prime Minister announces a Cabinet reshuffle.

1970 13 May   South Africa:Signs multilateral treaty on certain dairy products.

1970 15 May  
The International Olympic Committee expels South Africa from the International Olympic Movement as a result of South Africans apartheid stand in sport.

1970 18 May  
Following the results obtained in the general election held in April, a new cabinet is sworn in.

1970 19 May - 21 May  
John Vorster visits Malawi and stresses the desire for continued contact and co-operation between South Africa and Malawi, despite existing differences in outlook.

1970 21 May - 22 May  
Private talks are held between John Vorster and Rhodesian Prime Minister lan Smith.

1970 22 May  
The English Cricket Council bows to British government pressure and calls off the all-white South African cricket tour.

1970 29 May  
Minister of Justice, P.C. Pelser, announces that the Attorney-General of the Transvaal is to prosecute thirty of the 357 people arrested in Johannesburg after an illegal march in protest against the continued detention of the twenty-two Africans held under the Terrorism Act.

1970 3 June - 7 June  
The Prime Minister, accompanied by Dr. Muller, visits Portugal, and holds several meetings with the Portuguese Prime Minister and senior ministers. The friendly talks cover a wide field and include the Cahora Bassa scheme.

1970 9 June - 10 June  
The Prime Minister visits Spain and holds discussions with senior officials. A meeting is held with General Franco.

1970 10 June  
John Vorster hold talks in Paris with the French Prime minister covering French investments in South Africa.

1970 12 June  
The seventh ‘homeland’ is inaugurated with the installation of Chief Gatsha Buthelezi as Chief Executive Officer of the Zululand Territorial Authority (ZTA).

1970 13 June  
P.W. Botha announces that South Africa is establishing a new submarine base at Simonstown at a cost of $7.7m.

1970 14 June - 17 June  
Prime Minister Vorster and Dr. Muller arrive in Geneva. A meeting is held with twelve South African ambassadors to European countries, and with the head of the South African mission to the United Nations in Geneva, concerned with means of improving South Africa’s image in Europe.

1970 24 June   Exchange of notes with Portugal on the issue of copyright in maps.

1970 July  
The first General Students' Council of South African Students' Organisation (SASO) is convened, where the organisation takes a bolder stance. The organisation encourages contact between SASO and other multi-racial organisations such as the United Christian Movement (UCM) and the Institute of Race Relations, but recognition of National Union of South African Students (NUSAS) as a "true" national union of students is withdrawn. SASO becomes identified with a well-articulated ideology of Black Consciousness.

1970 1 July  
The question of the resumption of arms supplies by Britain to South Africa is discussed by the Foreign Minister, Dr. H. Muller and the new British Foreign Secretary, Sir Alec Douglas-Home, in London, in the context of the Simonstown Agreement.

1970 6 July  
The British Conservative government’s intention to resume arms supplies is announced in the House of Commons. Other Commonwealth governments are formally informed of this intention on 10-11 July 1970. Hostile reactions follow.

1970 11 July  
The United States Secretary of State reiterates America’s adherence to the policy of not supplying arms and military equipment to South Africa.

1970 20 July  
The Prime Minister announces in the House of Assembly that South African scientists have succeeded in developing a new process for uranium enrichment, and are building a pilot plant for this process.

The British Foreign Secretary, Sir Alec Douglas-Home, makes a statement in the House of Commons on the question of arms for South Africa. Emphasizing the vital importance of the sea routes around South Africa.

1970 23 July  
The United Nations Security Council condemns all violations of its embargo against South Africa. After five meetings on this question Resolution 281 (1970) is subsequently passed calling on all states to strengthen the arms embargo. It is adopted by twelve votes to none against, France, Great Britain and the United States abstaining.

The Minister of Defence tells Parliament that South Africa in fact spends less than 3 percent of her national income on defence.

1970 23 July  
Security Council adopted resolution 282 (1970) calling on States to take a series of measures to strengthen the arms embargo against South Africa. The vote was 12 in favour and 3 abstentions (France, UK, USA).

1970 27 July  
An Uranium Enrichment Bill is announced, establishing the Uranium Enrichment Corporation of South Africa.

1970 29 July  
The International Court of Justice in the Hague unanimously condemns the continuing presence of South Africa in Namibia and defines the legal consequences.

1970 August  
In an article published in the South African Students Organisation (SASO) newsletter Steve Biko writes: "The integration they (liberals) talk about...is artificial...one-way of course, with the Whites doing all the talking and the Blacks the listening"

1970 3 August   South Africa:Signs amendments with Portugal (for Mozainbique) an the Mozambique Convention.

1970 15 August  
Several pamphlet bombs, scattering ANC pamphlets, explode in a number of cities.

1970 19 August  
The Chinese community is granted official white’ status for the first time. but only for sport and leisure. Subsequently the leader of the HNP, Dr. Hertzog, accuses the government of betraying South Africa’s traditional principles of racial segregation.

1970 24 August  
A second trial of the nineteen Africans, acquitted in February begins after they have been in detention for seventeen months. They are all acquitted and released on 14 September 1970 only to be served subsequently with orders by the Minister of Justice placing them under restriction.

1970 September   South Africa:Signs visa agreement with Spain.

1970 September  
Speaking in the House of Assembly, Prime Minister Vorster said that South Africa was prepared to enter into a non-aggression pact with neighbouring States.


1970 28 September  
The Minister of Justice announces in the House of Assembly that as of 1 January 1970 there were 809 persons serving prison sentences imposed under security laws.

1970 28 September  
The provincial elections continue to demonstrate the slight swing away from the National Party, with the United Party making a net gain of six seats. The result: National Party 118 seats, the United Party fifty-nine seats, others nil.

1970 30 September  
B.S. Ramotse is sentenced to fifteen years imprisonment by Justice G. Viljoen in the Pretoria Supreme Court. He is found guilty of taking part in terrorist activities and plotting the violent overthrow of the state.

1970 5 October  
South Africa:Signs multilateral Convention on the Conflict of Laws Relating to the Form of Testamentary Dispositions.

1970 24 October  
In a Declaration on the 25th anniversary of the United Nations, the General Assembly described apartheid as "a crime against the conscience and dignity of mankind". (Resolution 2627 (XXV))

1970 4 November  
President Houphouet-Boigny of the Ivory Coast announces he is planning an African Summit Conference to urge a dialogue with South Africa. This initiative meets with very various reactions throughout the continent, but is welcomed in South Africa.

1970 9 November  
South Africa:Signs agreement with Netherlands modifying existing agreement on air services

1970 13 November - 1 December  
The Archbishop of Canterbury, Dr. Michael Ramsey, visits South Africa on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the establishment of the Anglican Church in South Africa. He repeatedly expresses his views on political and social problems arising from the government’s apartheid policy.

1970 13 November  
After a challenge of the credentials of the South African delegation by many Member States, the General Assembly approved the report of the Credentials Committee "except with regard to the credentials of the representatives of the Government of South Africa". [(Resolution 2636 (XXV))]

1970 15 November  
At the twenty-fourth General Assembly of the United Nations, South Africa joined all the leading maritime powers in opposing a section of the Resolutions on Peaceful Uses of the Sea-Bed.

1970 19 November  
John Vorster appoints Theo Gerdener as Minister of the Interior in succession to Marais Viljoen. The latter retains the Labour portfolio and takes over Posts and Telegraphs in addition. The South African Broadcasting Corporation will come under the direct control of the Ministry of National Education.

1970 20 November  
The South African Foreign Minister signs an economic agreement with the Malagasy Republic, which provides for a financial loan from South Africa to help the Malagasy tourist industry.

1970 21 November  
Six prominent members of the HNP resign, having lost all confidence in the leadership of the party. Resignations include that of Dr. Willie Lubbe, editor of the party’s newspaper ‘Die Afrikaner’.

1970 5 December  
The government’s policy for the coloured people is restated by a Cabinet Minister. Any policy, or lack thereof, which can lead to integration on whatever basis between whites and coloureds is rejected; the idea of a specific homeland for the coloured people is impracticable; extended and consistent liaison between the coloureds and the white authorities is promised. The government remains firmly committed to the principle of parallel development.

1970 11 December  
South Africa signs a customs agreement with Botswana, Lesotho and Swaziland.

1970 16 December  
South Africa:Signs multilateral treaty on the suppression of unlawful seizure of aircraft.

1970 24 December  
The Minister of Bantu Administration and Development leaves Malawi after a four-day visit during which cooperation between nations of Southern Africa is endorsed.

1971   The natal Indian Congress is revived.

1971   The Voice of Women magazine is launched.

1971  
Despite the formative influence of a highly politicised father, one of Robert McBride's first personal experiences of racism is at Zoo Lake, Johannesburg. He joins some White children playing with a fish in a bucket, recently caught by a White youth of about 18 who, kicks Robert (of mixed race) in the crotch. This becomes an incident that his younger sister uses to taunt him.

1971  
South African Students' Organisation (SASO) helps launch the Black Community Programme.

Strini Moodley and Saths Cooper, members of the Natal Indian Congress (NIC) urge other Indian activists to embrace the Black Consciousness ideology. Although there is sympathy among NIC members, they view South African Students Organisations ideas of Black consciousness as potentially leading to Black racism.

1971  
The National Professional Soccer League (NPSL) launches the Keg League (later renamed Castle League), sponsored by South African Breweries.

Kaizer Motaungs All-Star XI is renamed Kaizer Chiefs.

1971   Thabo Mbeki is transferred to Lusaka, Zambia.

1971 14 January - 21 January  
A conference of Heads of Government from the Commonwealth is held in Singapore at which Britain’s proposed sale of arms to South Africa is extensively debated. A study group is set up to consider the question in the context of the security of maritime trade routes in the South Atlantic and Indian Oceans.

1971 20 January  
The Anglican Dean of Johannesburg, the Very Rev. Gonville Aubie ffrench-Beytagh, is detained by the police, accused of subversive activities.

1971 1 February  
South Africa:Signs an amendment with Malawi on the provisions of the trade agreement of 13 March 1967.

1971 2 February  
South Africa:Signs the Convention of Wetlands and Water Fowl.

The Minister of Justice says, in Parliament, that for as long as the present government is in power the Immorality Act will not be repealed.

1971 8 February  
The text of a letter from South Africa to the International Court of Justice at The Hague, officially requesting it to cooperate in supervising a plebiscite in Namibia, is released. The Court is considering a request by the United Nations Security Council for an opinion on the legal consequences of South Africa’s continued presence in the territory in defiance of United Nations resolutions.

Minister of Labour Marais Viljoen announces total exemption for Coloureds from job reservation in the building industry on the Reef and in Pretoria.

1971 11 February  
South Africa:Signs treaty with Israel on the reciprocal recognition of air worthiness certificates between South Africa and Israel.

South Africa:Signs multilateral treaty pertaining to nuclear weapons on the seabed.

1971 16 February - 22 February  
A number of religious ministers and lay workers from Europe and America are told to leave the country.

1971 19 February  
It is reported that the Security Police have detained about twenty Africans, Coloureds and Asians. The detainees are said to be members of the Unity Movement of South Africa, founded in 1943 by Coloured schoolteachers.

The South African arms question is discussed in a closed session of the Singapore Commonwealth Conference.

1971 20 February  
The British Prime Minister reiterates his government’s attitude to the sale of arms in South Africa, at the Commonwealth Conference in Singapore. Accordingly the South African government has assured Britain that it had no aggressive intentions and that maritime arms would be used only to secure the sea routes.

1971 22 February  
The South African Defence Ministry announces that the British government, following its obligations as per the Simonstown Agreement, is willing to give an export licence for Wasp helicopters as requested by South Africa.

1971 25 February  
The Chief of the Security Police announces that raids undertaken on this date at offices of Christian and student organizations in the country’s main cities have revealed quantities of documents concerning ffrench-Beytagh’s activities. The Dean is consequently remanded until 28 May 1971 and again until 30 June 1971. The original charges are withdrawn: a new indictment is drawn up under the Terrorism Act.

The OAU publishes a statement condemning Britain’s proposed sale of helicopters to South Africa.


1971 March  
The Bantu Homelands Constitution Bill is enacted in the last week of March. 3 Mar. 1971 A Constitution Amendment Bill, empowering the government to proclaim any African language an official language in any self-governing territory, when considered fit passes its second reading at a joint sitting of both Houses of Parliament. Seven different African languages will thus be given official recognition.

1971 11 March  
A resolution is passed at a student body meeting for the establishment of a student Wages Commission. David Hemson, Halton Cheadle, David Davis, Karel Tip and Charles Nupen together with political scientist Rick Turner lead the collective thinking on the establishment of the Commission.

1971 15 March  
South Africa:Signs treaty with Netherlands for the avoidance of double taxation and the prevention of fiscal evasion with respect to taxes on income.

1971 19 March  
Prime Minister Vorster says that his government is prepared to engage in dialogue, without preconditions, with other African countries prepared to talk. His offer meets with mixed reactions throughout the continent.

1971 22 March  
A statement by Ghana’s Minister of Foreign Affairs in the Ghanal. National Assembly indicates a readiness to visit South Africa.

1971 26 March  
The Prime Minister of Swaziland visits Cape Town for talks with John Vorster and confirms that a policy of friendship and cooperation towards the Republic is being maintained.

1971 29 March   South Africa:Signs Wheat Trade Convention.

1971 30 March  
Prime Minister Vorster holds his first-ever international press conference and asserts that discussion of separate development with Africa’s black leaders will be welcomed. A policy of external dialogue is to be pursued.


Referring to allegations that a vendetta is being conducted against churches and religious workers in South Africa. Prime Minister Vorster says that of 1,440 religious workers only six have been deported in the last ten years, seventeen were refused extensions of permits and two were refused visas.

End-March:The Bantu Homelands Constitution Bill is enacted. It empowers the government to grant self-government, on an equal footing with that of the Transkei, to any area with a Territorial Authority, upon the latter’s request, at any time, by simple proclamation, after consultation with the Territorial Authority concerned, but without parliamentary enactment.

1971 31 March  
Bantu Homelands Constitution Act (National States Constitutional Act) No 21:

Provided for the granting of increased powers to homeland governments, thus facilitating their eventual ‘independence’.
Commenced: 31 March 1971
Repealed by Sch 7 of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa Act No 200 of 1993.

1971 1 April   Accepts the accession of Ireland to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade.

1971 13 April   The Chief Minister of Transkei demands full control of all departments of state.

1971 16 April  
The Minister of Bantu Administration and Development, MC. Botha, replies to Paramount Chief Kaiser Matanzima’s demands for increased control and for the transference to the Transkei of certain lands technically within its boundaries, from the Republic. Certain police stations will be transferred to Transkeian jurisdiction.

1971 21 April  
The Prime Minister refers to the Chief Minister of Transkei’s demands of 13 April and points out that Defence could not be transferred as it would mean changing the Constitution of the Transkei Act of 1963.

Prime Minister Vorster makes a lengthy statement on South Africa’s relations with Zambia.

1971 22 April  
The Ciskei Territorial Authority elects a twenty-member select committee to draft a Constitution for an independent Ciskei.

Speaking in the House of Assembly the Prime Minister lays down guidelines for international sports meetings in South Africa. He makes it clear, however, that there has been no change in sports policy on the club, provincial and national levels.

1971 23 April - 26 April  
Prime Minister Vorster denies that he has broken any confidence in disclosing exchanges with Zambia and he added that it was fallacious that he indicated that he was willing to discuss Rhodesia’s future with President Kaunda.

1971 28 April  
The President of the Ivory Coast reiterates his initiative for opening a dialogue with South Africa. While Swaziland approves the dialogue, Tanzania and Mauritius refuse to participate and many member states of the OAU strongly oppose it.

1971 1 May   The Tswana Legislative Assembly comes into being.

1971 3 May  
Chief Kaiser Matanzima denies in the Transkei Legislative Assembly that he is agitating for independence at this state, but he will continue to make certain legitimate land claims.

Signs treaty with Malawi on the avoidance of double taxation and the prevention of fiscal evasion with respect to taxes on income.

1971 5 May  
A wide-ranging bill providing severe penalties for dealing in or using dangerous drugs is published.

1971 6 May  
Minister of Defence P.W. Botha announces in the House of Assembly that South Africa has reached such a degree of self-sufficiency that it does not need any arms from the outside world for internal security.

1971 12 May  
Extension of University Education Amendment Act No 29:

In order to prevent students from changing courses after admission, the Minister would give consent only in respect of a specific university and a specified qualification. He could withdraw his consent if the student concerned changed her/his course of study (SRR 1971:288).
Commenced: 12 May 1971
Repealed by s 21 of the Tertiary Education Act No 66 of 1988.

1971 14 May  
The International Court of Justice at The Hague rejects the government’s application that a plebiscite be organized in Namibia and rejects the offer of additional documentation about the situation there.

1971 16 May  
Prime Minister Vorster declares that if the positive signs of cooperation with the rest of Africa are interpreted correctly, South Africa could become the leading state of Southern Africa.

1971 21 May  
South Africa:Joins the International Telecommunications Satellite Organisation (lntelsat).

1971 26 May  
South Africa:Signs multilateral articles of agreement on the Southern African Regional Tourism Council.

1971 1 June  
The Venda and Ciskei territorial authorities are replaced by legislative assemblies.

1971 8 June  
The first meeting of the student Wages Commission is held at the Bolton hall at the University of Natal, Durban (UND). Beforehand, thousands of pamphlets announcing the meeting and explaining the Poverty Datum Line (PDL) were printed and distributed by the students to workers in industrial areas, outside factory gates and at taxi ranks. 400 workers attend, and all sign an objection to the Wage Board’s latest ruling on the minimum wage, and demand a minimum wage of R20 per week. The petition is ignored by the government Wages Board which sets down a minimum of R 8,50.

1971 9 June  
The Minister of Coloured Affairs pledges himself to strive for equal pay for equal work for Coloureds.

1971 9 June  
An unintended consequence of the first meeting of the Wages Commission is seen the following day, when a group of workers at the McWillaw Iron and Steel Foundry in Isipingo stop work. Waving the Wages Commission pamphlets, the workers quote R 16,50 as a minimum weekly income. The police were called in and an agreement with management is reached, with no pay increase.

1971 11 June   Minister of the Interior Theo Gerdener, indicates that the Public Service Commission will make a comprehensive study to create a more satisfactory ratio between white and non-white salaries in government service.

1971 14 June  
The World Council of Churches cancels a special consultation in South Africa because of unacceptable conditions imposed on it by Prime Minister Vorster.

1971 15 June  
South Africa:Signs amendment of Article 50(A) of the Convention on International Civil Aviation.

1971 20 June  
At the meetings of Council of Ministers of the OAU, dialogue with South Africa is firmly rejected.

1971 21 June  
The International Court of Justice at The Hague declares that South Africa is under obligation to withdraw its administration from Namibia immediately and thus put an end to its occupation of the territory. John Vorster reacts by indicating that as the judgment is only advisory, it can not be considered binding, and South Africa will act as it sees fit.