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ArticleGrade 12 - Topic 3 - Civil Society protests 1950s to 1990s
… Grade 12 - Topic 3 - Civil Society protests 1950s to 1990s …
ArticleA Land Dispossession History 1600s-1990s
… A Land Dispossession History 1600s-1990s …
The Liberation Struggle documents: 1990s
… The Liberation Struggle documents: 1990s …
ArticleGeneral South African History Timeline: 1990s
… General South African History Timeline: 1990s …
Conclusion: A Land Dispossession History 1600s-1990s
… Conclusion: A Land Dispossession History 1600s-1990s …
1990s: Women in the pre-election period
… 1990s: Women in the pre-election period …
ArticleThe Conflict between the AZAPO and the UDF - popular violence in the 1980s and 1990s
… Soweto had waned. Popular violence of the 1980s and early 1990s may have had a significant influence in the movement’s … the AZAPO and the UDF - popular…
Why did so few Black South Africans make films before the 1990s?
… a handful of black directors who made films before the 1990s. The reasons for this are the same reasons that kept … Why did so few Black South Africans make…
List of ANC and MK members killed in combat, 1990s
… List of ANC and MK members killed in combat, 1990s …
ArticleGrade 12 - How SA emerged as a democracy from the crises of the 1990s
… 12 - How SA emerged as a democracy from the crises of the 1990s …
The impact of the collapse of the USSR on re-imagining African nations in the 1990s
… of the USSR on re-imagining African nations in the 1990s …
ArticleGrade 11 - Apartheid South Africa 1940s to 1960s
The global pervasiveness of racism and segregation in the 1920s and 1930s During the 1920s and 1930s, there were discriminatory policies in different parts…
ArticleContinued resistance and internal criticism 1920s and 1930s
In the following years, the African National Congress (ANC) leadership evolved to be more inclined to action than passive deputation, but very little was…
ArticleStates of Emergency in South Africa: the 1960s and 1980s
One of the key instruments used by the apartheid government to neutralise political dissent was the State of Emergency (SOE). In periods when the government…
ArticleGrade 12 - Forms of civil society protest emerged from the 1960s to 1970s
It is important to note that South African events do not occur in a vacuum, as we are part of a large continent and a much larger world. Therefore, what…
ArticleArmed Struggle, the revival of armed activity 1970s-1980s
The independence of Mozambique, in particular, gave tremendous momentum to the armed struggle in South Africa. Jacob Zuma recalls that when Angola and…
ArticleHow uhuru was realised in Africa in the 1960s and 1970s
ArticleGrade 12 - Civil Resistance in South Africa 1970s to 1980
… countries who fought against apartheid. Towards the 1990s the Apartheid government was feeling the pressure both …
Apartheid - The early 1980s
The early 1980s There was little change in the situation from the late 1970s to the early 1980s in South Africa. After the crisis of the early and mid-70s,…
ArticleAnti-pass campaigns, 1910s
By the turn of the century, despite the fact that women of all races were still virtually restricted to the home, migrant labour had already begun to forge…
Disbanding, 1990-1991
With the ANC now legal, mass demands were made for a constitutional assembly to create a new non-racial, democratic, and unitary South Africa. The UDF had…
ArticleGrade 12 - The impact of the Cold War in forming the world as it was in the 1960s
… allies. From the end of World War II until the early 1990s, world politics was dominated by the rivalry between …
ArticleSouth Africa in the 1970s
During the early 1960s, civil society was disempowered and social movements were repressed. Although the capacity for social movements to impose change…
Article1970s: Black Consciousness Movement in South Africa
Teachers and learners should note that there are many links on this site which deal with the depth and breadth of the Black Consciousness Movement in South…
The people armed, 1984-1990
Introduction 1985, Desmond Tutu, armed only with the bible under his arm, confronts the SA forces during their attempts to break up a demonstration…
ArticleGarveyism: Early 1900s philosophy
Marcus Garvey, preaching the unity of all blacks, claimed that liberty would come about only through the return of all Afro-Americans to their ancestral homes…
1980s: Women organise
Re-Emergence of Congress Activity 1980s
By 1980, the Black Consciousness organisations were in a gradual decline and struggling to avert state repression. Congress-inspired traditions were also re…
ArticleApartheid crumbles, Women in the turmoil of the 1980s
The 1980s saw escalating state repression and mass detentions. In a frenzy of desperate reaction, the government declared a series of back-to-back states of…
The armed struggle and state repression of the 1960s
A turning point in the struggle against apartheid came about in the 1960s. This change was the result of combined elements, including the formation of the PAC,…