Women sewing army uniforms in a factory

THE GOLD STANDARD - At the end of 1932, South Africa went off the gold standard.
THE ECONOMY OF THE RAND -The Rand came into being because the mines were there.

	LABOUR LAWS AND UNIONS 1920'S  - They were intended to control conflict between workers and their employers, and to regulate worker organisations.

CHRISTIANITY AND THE ANCESTORS - Religion amongst blacks in the towns took many forms.

	ALCOHOL BREWING -Brewing and drinking liquor were illegal activities for Africans in most towns.

POETRY AND SONGS - People have always expressed their times throught different art forms.

	TOWNSHIPS - Locations of labour.

COLLECTIVE RESISTANCE  - The result of this ultimatum was a wave of strikes that rippled through the Rand.