SAHO global search

… On 16 December, 1961, Umkhonto weSizwe (MK) was launched as an armed wing of … Blood River and it was perhaps significant that the armed struggle was launched on this particular day, more than one … this was the turning point. "If the government reaction is to crush by naked force our non-violent struggle," he told …

… writing, and engaging in radical education work. He is interested in historical process, revolutionary politics, … Africa, Canada, and Kenya. Title Re-politicising armed struggle: Notes towards an investigation Abstract In this … NETO AND THE ARMED STRUGGLE IN SOUTHERN AFRICA (ANGOLA, 1961-1979) Abstract The armed struggle in Southern Africa …

… Transition to Armed Struggle The brief respite from the Treason Trial which ended on 29 March 1961 and the Rivonia arrests in July 1963 was a period of … but even if the action had been a great success, it is unlikely that the regime would have convened a national …

… claim relation after Emery’s death. [iii] Emery’s father is still unknown. The prohibition of mixed marriages act of … and resistance. [xi] Bessie Emery married Harold Head in 1961, then settled in District Six, until Harold started a … and destroy it.” [xxix] It was ironic that Head faced a struggle publishing her most well-known book. She claimed …

… the ‘white liberals’ that were criticised. One such effect is that it threw ‘the position of dissident whites into … and make black South Africans take control of their own struggle against Apartheid. Indeed, as Steve Biko, one of the … I can to prevent them, I too am guilty.’ (Jaspers, 1961, p.36). As Smiley advances, this involves a ‘moral guilt …

… day for the change of shift. They were markers of time, as is the noonday cannon in Cape Town. My father played bridge … a very doting father, but I changed napkins and so on...' 1961 to 1963 An end and a beginning - Started photographing … 'This was perhaps the lowest point of the South African struggle because it looked seriously as though we would go …

… he saw in South Africa, Nortje fled the country in 1961 to the U.K. and to Canada. When he realized he could … apartheid divided the nation. Caught in the middle of this struggle was poet Arthur Nortje, a Coloured man who grew up … who was thought to be the son of Cecilia’s employer. It is also rumored that this was her second illegitimate …

… before an audience of journalists.Chief Albert Luthuli is detained for this action and held until August, when he is … as an instrument of solidarity with the liberation struggle. It embraced a network of organisations including … Winnie Madikizela-Mandela , the couples' second daughter. 1961 The African National Congress (ANC) and the Pan …

… in Artlook in November 1996 with Eachus King, Dumile is described as ‘not know[ing] how old he is.’ Many scholars … two remained in contact. Haenggi would open Gallery 101 in 1961.  At 25, in 1963, Dumile contracted tuberculosis again … holds testament to the political, philosophical, and moral struggle that many artists faced under apartheid. This …

… Introduction It is important to note that South African events do not occur … 'evil communism'. The USSR supported the anti-apartheid struggle. Throughout the Cold War, the United States and the … Grenada (1983) Supported an unsuccessful invasion of Cuba (1961) Undertook a long (1964-75) and unsuccessful effort to …

… The 1960s marked an important watershed in South Africa's struggle against apartheid. The aftermath of the Sharpeville … we Sizwe ("Spear of the Nation," or MK) in December 1961, with Nelson Mandela as its Commander in Chief. The … Mandela appeared on the steps. Nelson Mandela's mother is behind Winnie (extreme back), she had come all the way …

… and dream for the Afrikaners. How had I come so far in the struggle with such little knowledge of their collective … and what remains ”¦ for the Kingdom of God? Who is going to serve the cause, if Afrikanerdom is no longer … the first state president of the South African Republic of 1961. Their function was to stiffen their party’s caucus when …

… him did not get better in his lifetime, though. As the struggle between Blacks and Whites continued, Themba and many … has their own group of these individuals. In America there is Ernest Hemingway and F. Scott Fitzgerald. In England, … in South Africa. Consequently, he ran away to Swaziland in 1961. [xliii] But he was not just leaving behind his …

… to keep himself on the right side of prison bars.11 It is unlikely that the section of the white population that did … sped back to the Fort, the accused singing one stirring “struggle” song after the other. New Age, reflecting on the … The Minister of Justice told parliament in February 1961 that “4 769 Africans, two whites and two members of …

… White Afrikaner nationalism and Apartheid. [1] Afrikaans is therefore generally associated with White Afrikaans … events ? such as the First Boer War ? contributed to ‘the struggle to give Afrikaans its rightful place’. [72] … poetry and the activism of writers. Protest poetry In 1961, Adam Small published one of his most famous poetry …

… Wars in South Africa. Gordon Memorial College, Khartoum, is founded and offers art lessons. 1903 Ama Onabolu … publishes Towards Colonial Freedom, a manual for the struggle to end colonialism. East African High Commission is … of apartheid begins in South Africa, and lasts until 1961. Congres des Artists et Ecrivains Noirs is organized by …

… Wars in South Africa. Gordon Memorial College, Khartoum, is founded and offers art lessons 1903 Ama Onabolu … publishes Towards Colonial Freedom, a manual for the struggle to end colonialism East African High Commission is … of apartheid begins in South Africa, and lasts until 1961 Congres des Artists et Ecrivains Noirs is organized by …

… warns White South Africans that resentment among Africans is building up. 3 February, British Prime Minister Harold … their support of the Government's "betterment schemes". 1961 Walter Sisulu's mother, Alice Sisulu dies. All-in … writes a letter in which he states the famous words: "The struggle is my life. I will continue fighting for freedom …

… Women at the start of the 20th century It is only over the last three or four decades that women's role … the history of women's political organization, their struggle for freedom from oppression, for community rights … Both organizations were driven underground. By mid-1961 Congress leaders had come to the realization that …

… of the Non-European Unity – An insider's view Where is the Non-European Unity Movement? The Non-European Unity … asserted its right to provide the leadership in the coming struggle for liberation in South Africa? They claimed that … of tomorrow. Appendix - The Unity Movement In Pondoland In 1961 a faint carbon copy of a statement from the Publicity …

… pass laws. The exact date on which the campaign will start is still unknown. The decision lies with the P.A.C. … parties launched military wings of their organisations in 1961. Soweto uprising The June 16 1976 Uprising that began in … political persecution at home giving impetus to the struggle against Apartheid.  Bantu Education Policy The word …

… in detail in some countries (eg Angola and Lesotho), SAHO is currently developing material on those African countries … from Britain and pulling out of the Commonwealth in 1961. The liberation movement and exile  These political … in 1961 jointly by the ANC and SACP to spearhead the armed struggle. A positive development for the ANC was an …

… the Treason Trial The Treason Trial ended on 29 March 1961, a year after Sharpeville. The accused were found not … guest star – to raise funds and draw attention to the struggle against apartheid. They began to get aid from church … Society, by Allen Cook; Nelson Mandela: The Struggle is my Life, by Mary Benson; The Struggle for a Birthright, a …

… sites are set aside in Durban. 12 October, Mr. Fisher is appointed full time Town Clerk at a salary of 200 pounds … “will symbolise our solidarity in this country with the struggle for freedom and independence now being waged … any function organised by the authorities for the occasion 1961 13 January, Congress in arrears with rates The Natal …

… on the responsibilities of the interim government. That is, to take non-partisan control of the security forces, the … “An organization which remains committed to an armed struggle cannot be trusted completely when it also commits … national political organisation which was established in 1961 by the Unity Movement of South Africa (UMSA).” A …

… this nature was the General Law Amendment Act, No. 39 of 1961. An amendment to the Criminal Procedure Act, this law … his legal battles against terrorists in the ideological struggle against Communism, a necessary result of prosecution … Pelser claimed; instead ‘what we are dealing with now is no longer red ideology but red weapons.’ (3765)  Pelser …