A change to armed struggle and the state’s intensified repression 1960s

Published: 30 Mar 2011
Updated: 20 Jul 2026

With no discernable change in government policies, some members of the African National Congress (ANC) began to move away from peaceful protest. The ANC leadership had always stressed the importance of not using violence. Secondly, this group objected to clauses in the Freedom Charter, charging that they reflected the views of “white elements” in the Congress Alliance. It is commonly held that this was reference to the Ongress of Democrats (COD).

Cite this entry

South African History Online. (2011, March 30). A change to armed struggle and the state’s intensified repression 1960s. South African History Online. https://sahistory.org.za/ref/A-0059282

South African History Online (2011) 'A change to armed struggle and the state’s intensified repression 1960s', South African History Online, 30 March. Available at: https://sahistory.org.za/ref/A-0059282 (Accessed: 21 July 2026).

South African History Online, A change to armed struggle and the state’s intensified repression 1960s [website], https://sahistory.org.za/ref/A-0059282, (accessed 21 July 2026).

"A change to armed struggle and the state’s intensified repression 1960s." South African History Online, 30 Mar. 2011, https://sahistory.org.za/ref/A-0059282. Accessed 21 July 2026.

South African History Online. "A change to armed struggle and the state’s intensified repression 1960s." South African History Online. March 30, 2011. https://sahistory.org.za/ref/A-0059282.